Abstract
The ability to avoid the ethanol-induced injury was evaluated in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) coleoptiles. The growth of the rice and oat coleoptiles was inhibited by ethanol exogenously applied at concentrations greater than 200 and 30 mM, respectively. At 300 mM ethanol, oat coleoptiles were brown and flaccid but rice coleoptiles did not show any visible symptoms of toxicity. The acetaldehyde level in rice and oat coleoptiles was increased by exogenously applied ethanol and the increases were greater in oat than in rice coleoptiles under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. At 300 mM ethanol, the acetaldehyde concentrations in the rice and oat coleoptiles were 46 and 87 nmol g-1 FW under aerobic conditions, respectively, and 52 and 124 nmol g-1 FW under anaerobic conditions, respectively. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) in the direction of ethanol to acetaldehyde was greater in oat than in rice coleoptiles and ADH protein in oat coleoptiles was more induced by exogenously applied ethanol than that in rice coleoptiles. These results suggest that in vivo conversion rate of ethanol to acetaldehyde by ADH is lower in rice than oat coleoptiles, which may be one of the reasons that ethanol sensitivity of rice is much lower than that of oat coleoptiles. The great ability of rice to avoid the ethanol-induced injuries may contribute its anoxia tolerance when glycolysis and ethanolic fermentation replace the Krebs cycle as the main source of energy under anaerobic conditions.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethanol above 200 mM inhibited rice coleoptile growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- ethanol exogenously applied at concentrations greater than 200e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 200e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the rice and oat coleoptiles was inhibited by ethanol exogenously applied at concentrations greater than 200 and 30 mM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethanol above 30 mM inhibited oat coleoptile growth.
- Taxon
- oat
Avena sativae0 - Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- ethanol exogenously appliede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 30 mMe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth of the rice and oat coleoptiles was inhibited by ethanol exogenously applied at concentrations greater than 200 and 30 mM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mM ethanol, oat coleoptiles were brown and flaccid.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- 300 mM ethanole0
- Outcome
- brown and flaccide0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 300 mM ethanol, oat coleoptiles were brown and flaccid but rice coleoptiles did not show any visible symptoms of toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
At 300 mM ethanol, rice coleoptiles showed no visible toxicity symptoms.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- 300 mM ethanole0
- Outcome
- did not show any visible symptoms of toxicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 300 mM ethanol, oat coleoptiles were brown and flaccid but rice coleoptiles did not show any visible symptoms of toxicity”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethanol increased acetaldehyde levels in rice coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied ethanole0
- Outcome
- acetaldehyde levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acetaldehyde level in rice and oat coleoptiles was increased by exogenously applied ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethanol increased acetaldehyde levels in oat coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied ethanole0
- Outcome
- acetaldehyde levele0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acetaldehyde level in rice and oat coleoptiles was increased by exogenously applied ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol-induced acetaldehyde increases were greater in oat than rice under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Outcome
- increasese0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- under aerobic and anaerobic conditionse0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increases were greater in oat than in rice coleoptiles under aerobic and anaerobic conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Under aerobic conditions at 300 mM ethanol, rice coleoptile acetaldehyde concentration was 46 nmol g-1 FW.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- 300 mM ethanole0
- Outcome
- acetaldehyde concentrationse0
- Value
- 46e0
- Qualifier
- under aerobic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 300 mM ethanol, the acetaldehyde concentrations in the rice and oat coleoptiles were 46 and 87 nmol g-1 FW under aerobic conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under aerobic conditions at 300 mM ethanol, oat coleoptile acetaldehyde concentration was 87 nmol g-1 FW.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- 300 mM ethanole0
- Outcome
- acetaldehyde concentrationse0
- Value
- 87 nmol g-1 FWe0
- Qualifier
- under aerobic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 300 mM ethanol, the acetaldehyde concentrations in the rice and oat coleoptiles were 46 and 87 nmol g-1 FW under aerobic conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under anaerobic conditions at 300 mM ethanol, rice coleoptile acetaldehyde concentration was 52 nmol g-1 FW.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese1
- Treatment
- 300 mM ethanole1
- Outcome
- acetaldehyde concentrationse1
- Value
- 52e0
- Qualifier
- under anaerobic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 52 and 124 nmol g-1 FW under anaerobic conditions, respectively”
e1“At 300 mM ethanol, the acetaldehyde concentrations in the rice and oat coleoptiles were 46 and 87 nmol g-1 FW under aerobic conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Under anaerobic conditions at 300 mM ethanol, oat coleoptile acetaldehyde concentration was 124 nmol g-1 FW.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae1
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese1
- Treatment
- 300 mM ethanole1
- Outcome
- acetaldehyde concentrationse1
- Value
- 124 nmol g-1 FWe0
- Qualifier
- under anaerobic conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and 52 and 124 nmol g-1 FW under anaerobic conditions, respectively”
e1“At 300 mM ethanol, the acetaldehyde concentrations in the rice and oat coleoptiles were 46 and 87 nmol g-1 FW under aerobic conditions, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
ADH activity converting ethanol to acetaldehyde was greater in oat than rice coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Gene
- alcohol dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- activity of alcohol dehydrogenasee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1) in the direction of ethanol to acetaldehyde was greater in oat than in rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous ethanol induced more ADH protein in oat than rice coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- oatAvena sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Treatment
- exogenously applied ethanole0
- Gene
- ADH proteine0
- Outcome
- ADH proteine0
- Direction
- more inducede0
- Comparator
- ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ADH protein in oat coleoptiles was more induced by exogenously applied ethanol than that in rice coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest lower ADH-mediated ethanol to acetaldehyde conversion in rice than oat coleoptiles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- coleoptilese0
- Gene
- ADHe0
- Outcome
- in vivo conversion rate of ethanol to acetaldehydee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- oate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in vivo conversion rate of ethanol to acetaldehyde by ADH is lower in rice than oat coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest lower rice ethanol sensitivity is partly due to lower ADH-mediated acetaldehyde conversion.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- ethanol sensitivity of ricee0
- Direction
- much lowere0
- Qualifier
- in vivo conversion rate of ethanol to acetaldehyde by ADH is lower in rice than oat coleoptilese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which may be one of the reasons that ethanol sensitivity of rice is much lower than that of oat coleoptiles”
e1“in vivo conversion rate of ethanol to acetaldehyde by ADH is lower in rice than oat coleoptiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that rice avoidance of ethanol injury may contribute to anoxia tolerance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- anoxia tolerancee0
- Qualifier
- ability of rice to avoid the ethanol-induced injuriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The great ability of rice to avoid the ethanol-induced injuries may contribute its anoxia tolerance when glycolysis and ethanolic fermentation replace the Krebs cycle as the main source of energy under anaerobic conditions”
The same questions in other papers
ethanol · growth · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ethanol · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
ethanol · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.