Abstract
An examination was made of the effects of ethanol at 0n2-6n0% (v\v) on the germination, under aerobic conditions, of intact and dehusked seeds of indica rice (cv. Assam IV), which had been harvested 14, 21 and 28 d after anthesis, and of the japonica rice (cv. Sasanishiki), which had been harvested 30 and 60 d after anthesis. The inhibition of germination caused by dehusking japonica rice was overcome by 0n5-5 % ethanol, with maximum germination (frequently 100 %) achieved at 3-5 % (30 d after anthesis) or 1-4n5 % (60 d after anthesis) ethanol. Further increases in the ethanol concentration reduced germination. The germination of dehusked indica rice was slightly inhibited at 0n5 and 1 % ethanol, whilst the promotion of germination by 2 % ethanol increased as the seeds matured. At all harvests germination was greatest at 3 % ethanol, and at 5-6 % ethanol germination fell to 0 %. Inhibition, no effect, or minimal stimulation of the germination of intact seeds of both japonica and indica rice by ethanol was observed at the concentrations examined. The absence of oxygen stimulated germination of dehusked japonica rice, but this germination was inhibited by ethanol. In contrast ethanol had little or no effect on the failure of dehusked indica seeds to germinate in anaerobic conditions. Thus ethanol treatment may help break the strong dormancy of dehusked seeds of indica and japonica rice. The possible role of ethanol in stimulating germination in rice is discussed.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol overcame dehusking-related germination inhibition in japonica rice.
- Taxon
- japonica rice
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupe0 - Treatment
- 0n5-5 % ethanole0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- overcomee0
- Comparator
- dehusking japonica ricee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The inhibition of germination caused by dehusking japonica rice was overcome by 0n5-5 % ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 days after anthesis, japonica seed germination frequently reached 100% at 3–5% ethanol.
- Organ / stage
- 30 d after anthesise0
- Treatment
- 3-5 %e0
- Outcome
- maximum germinatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100 %e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination (frequently 100 %) achieved at 3-5 % (30 d after anthesis)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 60 days after anthesis, japonica seed germination frequently reached 100% at 1–4.5% ethanol.
- Organ / stage
- 60 d after anthesise0
- Treatment
- 1-4n5 %e0
- Outcome
- maximum germinatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 100 %e0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“maximum germination (frequently 100 %) achieved at 3-5 % (30 d after anthesis) or 1-4n5 % (60 d after anthesis) ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher ethanol concentrations reduced japonica germination.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Further increases in the ethanol concentration reduced germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol at 0.5 and 1% slightly inhibited dehusked indica rice germination.
- Taxon
- indica rice
Oryza sativa Indica Groupe0 - Treatment
- 0n5 and 1 % ethanole0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- slightly inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination of dehusked indica rice was slightly inhibited at 0n5 and 1 % ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Promotion of dehusked indica rice germination by 2% ethanol increased with seed maturity.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Organ / stage
- seeds maturede0
- Treatment
- 2 % ethanole0
- Outcome
- promotion of germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the promotion of germination by 2 % ethanol increased as the seeds matured”
e1“dehusked indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At all harvests, indica germination was greatest at 3% ethanol.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 3 % ethanole0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- greateste0
- Qualifier
- At all harvestse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At all harvests germination was greatest at 3 % ethanol”
e1“dehusked indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
At 5–6% ethanol, indica germination fell to zero.
- Taxon
- indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe1
- Treatment
- 5-6 % ethanole0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- felle0
- Value
- 0 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 5-6 % ethanol germination fell to 0 %”
e1“dehusked indica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol inhibited, left unchanged, or minimally stimulated germination of intact japonica and indica seeds across tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- japonica and indica riceOryza sativa Indica Groupe0
- Treatment
- ethanole0
- Outcome
- germination of intact seedse0
- Direction
- Inhibition, no effect, or minimal stimulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inhibition, no effect, or minimal stimulation of the germination of intact seeds of both japonica and indica rice by ethanol was observed at the concentrations examined”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxygen absence stimulated dehusked japonica germination.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Treatment
- absence of oxygene0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The absence of oxygen stimulated germination of dehusked japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol inhibited anaerobic germination of dehusked japonica rice.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Treatment
- ethanole0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Qualifier
- absence of oxygene0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The absence of oxygen stimulated germination of dehusked japonica rice, but this germination was inhibited by ethanol”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol had little or no effect on the failure of dehusked indica seeds to germinate anaerobically.
- Taxon
- indicae0
- Treatment
- ethanole0
- Outcome
- failure of dehusked indica seeds to germinatee0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
- Qualifier
- anaerobic conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“ethanol had little or no effect on the failure of dehusked indica seeds to germinate in anaerobic conditions”
The same questions in other papers
ethanol · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.