Abstract
Seedling emergence and seedling establishment are two important phases for the good crop stand and final maize crop harvest. A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011. Experimental treatments include four tillage treatments (zero, minimum, conventional and deep tillage) and three poultry manure amendments (control (no manure), 5 Mg·ha-1 and 10 Mg·ha-1). Seedling emergence was linearly affected as the tillage intensity was increased. Significant relationship of tillage with leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and total dry matter was recorded during the both years. Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 produced the higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter and grain yield as compared to 5 Mg·ha-1 and control. Moreover, experimental results concluded that the deep tillage practice has taken less time to start emergence. Similarly, higher values trend of leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation and grain yield was shifted from deep tillage to conventional, minimum and zero tillage practices during both years. Economically, the minimum tillage with poultry manure at rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 gave the better benefit to cost ratio and crop productivity as compared to conventional, deep and zero tillage. The experiment suggested the minimum tillage with poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 may ensure the maize grain yield sustainability.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seedling emergence was linearly affected as tillage intensity increased.
Zea maysNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e1“Seedling emergence was linearly affected as the tillage intensity was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had a significant relationship with leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate during both years.
- Treatment
- tillagee2
- Outcome
- leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth ratee2
- Qualifier
- during the both yearse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e2“Significant relationship of tillage with leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and total dry matter was recorded during the both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage had a significant relationship with net assimilation rate and total dry matter during both years.
- Treatment
- tillagee2
- Outcome
- net assimilation rate and total dry mattere2
- Qualifier
- during the both yearse2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e2“Significant relationship of tillage with leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate and total dry matter was recorded during the both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 10 Mg·ha-1 gave higher leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate than 5 Mg·ha-1 and control.
- Treatment
- Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1e3
- Outcome
- leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth ratee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- 5 Mg·ha-1 and controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e3“Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 produced the higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter and grain yield as compared to 5 Mg·ha-1 and control”
Claim · model-written summary
Poultry manure at 10 Mg·ha-1 gave higher total dry matter and grain yield than 5 Mg·ha-1 and control.
- Treatment
- Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1e3
- Outcome
- total dry matter and grain yielde3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- 5 Mg·ha-1 and controle3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e3“Poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 produced the higher leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter and grain yield as compared to 5 Mg·ha-1 and control”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep tillage took less time to start emergence.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e4“the deep tillage practice has taken less time to start emergence”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional, minimum and zero tillage gave higher leaf area index, leaf area duration and crop growth rate than deep tillage during both years.
- Treatment
- conventional, minimum and zero tillage practicese5
- Outcome
- leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth ratee5
- Direction
- higher valuese5
- Qualifier
- during both yearse5
- Comparator
- deep tillagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e5“higher values trend of leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation and grain yield was shifted from deep tillage to conventional, minimum and zero tillage practices during both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional, minimum and zero tillage gave higher total dry matter accumulation and grain yield than deep tillage during both years.
- Treatment
- conventional, minimum and zero tillage practicese5
- Outcome
- total dry matter accumulation and grain yielde5
- Direction
- higher valuese5
- Qualifier
- during both yearse5
- Comparator
- deep tillagee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e5“higher values trend of leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter accumulation and grain yield was shifted from deep tillage to conventional, minimum and zero tillage practices during both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with poultry manure at 10 Mg·ha-1 gave a better benefit to cost ratio and crop productivity than conventional, deep and zero tillage.
- Treatment
- minimum tillage with poultry manure at rate of 10 Mg·ha-1e6
- Outcome
- benefit to cost ratio and crop productivitye6
- Direction
- bettere6
- Comparator
- conventional, deep and zero tillagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e6“the minimum tillage with poultry manure at rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 gave the better benefit to cost ratio and crop productivity as compared to conventional, deep and zero tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum tillage with poultry manure at 10 Mg·ha-1 may ensure maize grain yield sustainability.
- Treatment
- minimum tillage with poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1e7
- Outcome
- maize grain yield sustainabilitye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A field study was conducted to explore the effects of different tillage practices and poultry manure levels on the seedling emergence, growth, development, yield, and economics of the spring planted maize during 2010 and 2011”
e7“The experiment suggested the minimum tillage with poultry manure at the rate of 10 Mg·ha-1 may ensure the maize grain yield sustainability”
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