Abstract
The role of gibberellins (GAs) in the induction of parthenocarpic fruit-set and growth by the pat-3/pat-4 genetic system in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was investigated using wild type (WT; Cuarenteno) and a near-isogenic line derived from the German line RP75/59 (the source of pat-3/pat-4 parthenocarpy). Unpollinated WT ovaries degenerated but GA3 application induced parthenocarpic fruit growth. On the contrary, parthenocarpic growth of pat-3/pat-4 fruits, which occurs in the absence of pollination and hormone treatment, was not affected by applied GA3. Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 fruit growth was negated by paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of ent-kaurene oxidase, and this inhibitory effect was negated by GA3. The quantification of the main GAs of the early 13-hydroxylation pathway (GA1, GA8, GA19, GA20, GA29 and GA44) in unpollinated ovaries at 3 developmental stages (flower bud, FB; pre-anthesis, PR; and anthesis, AN), by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring, showed that the concentration of most of them was higher in pat-3/pat-4 than in WT ovaries at PR and AN stages. The concentration of GA1, suggested previously to be the active GA in tomate, was 2-4 times higher. Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 ovaries at FB, PR and AN stages also contained relatively high amounts (5-12 ng g-1) of GA3, a GA found at less than 0.5 ng g-1 in WT ovaries. It is concluded that the mutations pat-3/pat-4 may induce natural facultative parthenocarpy capacity in tomato by increasing the concentration of GA1 and GA3 in the ovaries before pollination.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Unpollinated wild-type ovaries degenerated.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- WTe0
- Organ / stage
- ovariese0
- Outcome
- degeneratede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unpollinated WT ovaries degenerated”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 induced parthenocarpic fruit growth in unpollinated wild type.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- WTe0
- Treatment
- GA3 applicatione0
- Outcome
- parthenocarpic fruit growthe0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- Unpollinated WT ovariese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Unpollinated WT ovaries degenerated but GA3 application induced parthenocarpic fruit growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied GA3 did not affect pat-3/pat-4 fruit growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- pat-3/pat-4e0
- Treatment
- applied GA3e0
- Outcome
- parthenocarpic growthe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Comparator
- absence of pollination and hormone treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“parthenocarpic growth of pat-3/pat-4 fruits, which occurs in the absence of pollination and hormone treatment, was not affected by applied GA3”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol negated unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 fruit growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- pat-3/pat-4e0
- Treatment
- paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- fruit growthe0
- Direction
- negatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 fruit growth was negated by paclobutrazol”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3 negated the inhibitory effect of paclobutrazol.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- pat-3/pat-4e1
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effecte0
- Direction
- negatede0
- Comparator
- paclobutrazole1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“this inhibitory effect was negated by GA3”
e1“Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 fruit growth was negated by paclobutrazol”
Claim · model-written summary
Most measured gibberellins were higher in pat-3/pat-4 than WT ovaries at pre-anthesis and anthesis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- pat-3/pat-4e0
- Organ / stage
- ovaries at PR and AN stagese0
- Outcome
- concentration of most of theme0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“the concentration of most of them was higher in pat-3/pat-4 than in WT ovaries at PR and AN stages”
e1“GA1, GA8, GA19, GA20, GA29 and GA44”
Claim · model-written summary
GA1 concentration was 2-4 times higher in pat-3/pat-4 ovaries.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- pat-3/pat-4e1
- Outcome
- concentration of GA1e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2-4 timese0
- Comparator
- WTe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“The concentration of GA1, suggested previously to be the active GA in tomate, was 2-4 times higher”
e1“higher in pat-3/pat-4 than in WT ovaries at PR and AN stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 ovaries contained relatively high GA3 at 5-12 ng g-1 versus less than 0.5 ng g-1 in WT.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- pat-3/pat-4e0
- Outcome
- amounts (5-12 ng g-1) of GA3e0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 5-12 ng g-1e0
- Qualifier
- less than 0.5 ng g-1e0
- Comparator
- WTe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“tomato”
e0“Unpollinated pat-3/pat-4 ovaries at FB, PR and AN stages also contained relatively high amounts (5-12 ng g-1) of GA3, a GA found at less than 0.5 ng g-1 in WT ovaries”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that pat-3/pat-4 mutations may induce facultative parthenocarpy via increased GA1 and GA3 before pollination.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Gene
- pat-3/pat-4e0
- Outcome
- natural facultative parthenocarpy capacitye0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- before pollinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the mutations pat-3/pat-4 may induce natural facultative parthenocarpy capacity in tomato by increasing the concentration of GA1 and GA3 in the ovaries before pollination”
The same questions in other papers
paclobutrazol · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Gibberellic acid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 80 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
83 papers more in this group
See all 87 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.