Abstract
Summary The aim of this study was to determine changes in the content of flavonoids in fleshy scales of shallot bulbs in relation to different compositions of atmosphere during storage. Also antioxidant activity of the bulbs was determined. Bulbs of shallot cvs. Bonilla F1, Conservor F1 and Matador F1 were stored in two storage seasons at the normal atmosphere (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) of the 4 compositions: 5% CO 2 + 5% O 2 , 5% CO 2 + 2% O 2 , 2% CO 2 + 5% O 2 , 2% CO 2 + 2% O 2 . The temperature of storage was 0-1°C and RH 65%. Before and after 7-month storage the bulbs were examined in respect of flavonoids content and antioxidant activity (AA). Flavonoids were identified in methanolic extracts with HPLC, AA was determined with FRAP and DPPH assays. Three flavonoid compounds were identified in the plants extracts. Quercetin 3,4’ di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-glucoside (spiraeoside) were present in the highest amounts. CA conditions influenced content of flavonoids in the bulbs. The highest content after storage was observed at gas composition of 5% CO 2 + 5% O 2 . Two major flavonoid compounds, quercetin 3,4’-di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-O-glucoside (spiraeoside) showed the increasing tendency, however not all changes were significant. No significant differences were observed between cultivars, but ‘Bonilla’ F 1 showed slightly higher flavonoids content than the other ones. Investigated cultivars did not differ in respect of AA, measured both with DPPH and FRAP assay. There was no significant influence of storage conditions on DPPH level, while FRAP level was influenced significantly. Bulbs from 5% CO 2 + 2% O 2 composition were characterized by the highest FRAP values and the bulbs stored at normal atmosphere - by the lowest.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Three flavonoid compounds were identified in shallot extracts.
- Taxon
- shallot
Allium cepa var. aggregatumt0 - Outcome
- flavonoid compoundse0
- Value
- Threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three flavonoid compounds were identified in the plants extracts”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Two named flavonoids were present in the highest amounts.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Outcome
- Quercetin 3,4’ di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-glucoside (spiraeoside)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Quercetin 3,4’ di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-glucoside (spiraeoside) were present in the highest amounts”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled atmosphere conditions influenced bulb flavonoid content.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- CA conditionse0
- Outcome
- content of flavonoidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CA conditions influenced content of flavonoids in the bulbs”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content after storage was highest at the stated gas composition.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- 5% CO 2 + 5% O 2e0
- Outcome
- contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest content after storage was observed at gas composition of 5% CO 2 + 5% O 2”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The two major flavonoids tended to increase, although not all changes were significant.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Outcome
- quercetin 3,4’-di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-O-glucoside (spiraeoside)e0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Qualifier
- not all changes were significante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two major flavonoid compounds, quercetin 3,4’-di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-O-glucoside (spiraeoside) showed the increasing tendency, however not all changes were significant”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Flavonoid content did not differ significantly among cultivars.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were observed between cultivars”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Bonilla F1 had slightly higher flavonoid content than the other cultivars.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- ‘Bonilla’ F 1e0
- Outcome
- flavonoids contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- the other onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“‘Bonilla’ F 1 showed slightly higher flavonoids content than the other ones”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivars did not differ in antioxidant activity by either assay.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Material
- cultivarse0
- Outcome
- AAe0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Investigated cultivars did not differ in respect of AA, measured both with DPPH and FRAP assay”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage conditions did not significantly influence DPPH level.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- storage conditionse0
- Outcome
- DPPH levele0
- Direction
- no significant influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no significant influence of storage conditions on DPPH level”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Storage conditions significantly influenced FRAP level, without a stated direction.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Outcome
- FRAP levele0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FRAP level was influenced significantly”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulbs stored at 5% CO2 and 2% O2 had the highest FRAP values.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- 5% CO 2 + 2% O 2e0
- Outcome
- FRAP valuese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bulbs from 5% CO 2 + 2% O 2 composition were characterized by the highest FRAP values”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Bulbs stored in normal atmosphere had the lowest FRAP values.
- Taxon
- shallotAllium cepa var. aggregatumt0
- Treatment
- normal atmospheree0
- Outcome
- loweste0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the bulbs stored at normal atmosphere - by the lowest”
t0“Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.