Abstract
In a 7-year Hungarian study, 27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old) were evaluated for scab resistance in high-density integrated and organic apple orchards; classified into five susceptibility categories (low, low to middle, middle, middle to high, and high) based on their season-long leaf and fruit scab development; and the temporal progress of scab in each classification category was analyzed. Mean final scab incidence was considerably higher in the organic than in the integrated production system except for the resistant cultivars, which had no fruit scab symptoms. Fruit of all cultivars was protected in the integrated production system (final fruit scab was below 1.1%), but most commercial cultivars (‘Idared’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Jonica’, ‘Mutsu’, and ‘Royal Gala’) were moderately or highly infected by harvest in the organic production system. Categorization of cultivar susceptibility indicated that season-long leaf and fruit scab development was low for the majority of resistant cultivars and moderate to high or high for most commercial cultivars. The resistance of old cultivars to scab ranged from low to moderate to high. Temporal scab progress of each classification category was analyzed by (i) calculating standardized area under the disease progress curves (AUDPCS); (ii) fitting a three-parameter logistic function to the disease progress data; and (iii) estimating upper asymptote (y f), relative rate parameter, and the inflection point from the fitted function. Results demonstrated that y f and AUDPCS showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among each scab classification category of leaf and fruit in both production systems; therefore, y f and AUDPCS can be used to differentiate the relative resistance of apple genotypes. Classification categories can assist in the selection of the most appropriate cultivars for planting in integrated or organic apple orchards.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Mean final scab incidence was higher in the organic than in the integrated production system.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- organice1
- Outcome
- final scab incidencee1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- integrated production systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e1“Mean final scab incidence was considerably higher in the organic than in the integrated production system except for the resistant cultivars, which had no fruit scab symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant apple cultivars had no fruit scab symptoms.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- resistant cultivarse1
- Outcome
- fruit scab symptomse1
- Qualifier
- noe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e1“Mean final scab incidence was considerably higher in the organic than in the integrated production system except for the resistant cultivars, which had no fruit scab symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit of all cultivars was protected in the integrated production system, with final fruit scab below 1.1%.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- final fruit scabe2
- Direction
- belowe2
- Value
- below 1.1%e2
- Setting
- integrated production systeme2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e2“Fruit of all cultivars was protected in the integrated production system (final fruit scab was below 1.1%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Most commercial cultivars were moderately or highly infected by harvest in the organic production system.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- commercial cultivarse3
- Outcome
- infected by harveste3
- Direction
- moderately or highlye3
- Setting
- organic production systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e3“most commercial cultivars (‘Idared’, ‘Jonagold’, ‘Jonathan’, ‘Jonica’, ‘Mutsu’, and ‘Royal Gala’) were moderately or highly infected by harvest in the organic production system”
Claim · model-written summary
Season-long leaf and fruit scab development was low for the majority of resistant cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- resistant cultivarse4
- Outcome
- season-long leaf and fruit scab developmente4
- Direction
- lowe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e4“Categorization of cultivar susceptibility indicated that season-long leaf and fruit scab development was low for the majority of resistant cultivars and moderate to high or high for most commercial cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Season-long leaf and fruit scab development was moderate to high or high for most commercial cultivars.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- commercial cultivarse4
- Outcome
- season-long leaf and fruit scab developmente4
- Direction
- moderate to high or highe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e4“Categorization of cultivar susceptibility indicated that season-long leaf and fruit scab development was low for the majority of resistant cultivars and moderate to high or high for most commercial cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistance of old apple cultivars to scab ranged from low to moderate to high.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Material
- old cultivarse5
- Outcome
- resistance of old cultivars to scabe5
- Qualifier
- low to moderate to highe5
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e5“The resistance of old cultivars to scab ranged from low to moderate to high”
Claim · model-written summary
Asymptote and AUDPC of the scab progress curves differentiated relative resistance of apple genotypes among classification categories.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- relative resistance of apple genotypese6
- Qualifier
- y f and AUDPCSe6
- Comparator
- each scab classification categorye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e6“y f and AUDPCS showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among each scab classification category of leaf and fruit in both production systems; therefore, y f and AUDPCS can be used to differentiate the relative resistance of apple genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Scab classification categories can help select the most appropriate apple cultivars for integrated or organic orchards.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- selection of the most appropriate cultivars for plantinge7
- Setting
- integrated or organic apple orchardse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“27 apple cultivars (9 scab resistant, 9 commercial, and 9 old)”
e7“Classification categories can assist in the selection of the most appropriate cultivars for planting in integrated or organic apple orchards”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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