Abstract
summary Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk. Leaf growth, water relations and accumulation of solutes (sugars, amino acids and minerals) were measured in mature leaf laminae and in young meristematic leaf bases. The swards were then rewatered and fertilized, and growth and solute changes measured over the next 8 d. After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped, leaf laminae were scorched at the tips, cell membranes were damaged, and osmotic potential (ψ s ) had fallen to −2.6 and −2.8 MPa in laminae and bases respectively. Hydration (ratio of tissue water to dry matter) declined steadily to less than half control values, but relative water content declined significantly only after more than 6 wk drought. Nearly all osmotic adjustment was the result of these changes in water content, since molarity of total measured solutes on a dry weight basis increased by only 11 % in laminae and fell by 6% in bases. During drought, water soluble carbohydrate contents increased, mostly due to accumulation of large fructan molecules having little effect on ψ s . In bases smaller fructans (having degrees of polymerization, DP, of 3–5), glucose and fructose decreased, whereas in laminae fructan of DP 3 and sucrose increased. Relatively large amounts of neo‐ketose accumulated in laminae after 8 wk drought. Proline contents of bases increased steadily during drought, whilst in laminae proline contents were generally very low, and increased only after severe drought. Minerals made the major contribution to ψ s . Total mineral contents of laminae rose slightly due mostly to accumulation of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , whereas in bases mineral contents tended to decline. Phosphate content, however, declined in both bases and laminae. Following rewatering, tissues rehydrated within 2 d. Water potential rose more rapidly than ψ s , so that after 2 d turgor temporarily exceeded control values. Leaf extension rates changed almost in parallel with turgor. Carbohydrates in leaf bases changed rapidly: fructans of DP3–5 and fructose initially increased and then declined, whereas sucrose and glucose contents fell by more than 50% and remained low. Proline contents fell to control values within 1–2 d, whereas phosphate contents (already low) continued to decline. The changes were generally more rapid in the bases than in the laminae. The roles of solutes in osmotic adjustment and as substrates for regrowth are discussed. The differences between slow, relatively natural drought and rapid stressing of pot‐grown plants are emphasized.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf extension of Lolium perenne stopped after 8 wk of drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne
Lolium perennee1 - Treatment
- 8 wk of droughte2
- Outcome
- leaf extensione2
- Direction
- had stoppede2
- Comparator
- controle1
- Setting
- glasshousee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic potential in Lolium perenne leaf laminae fell to −2.6 MPa after 8 wk of drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- laminaee3
- Treatment
- 8 wk of droughte2
- Outcome
- osmotic potential (ψ s )e3
- Direction
- fallene3
- Value
- −2.6e3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
e3“osmotic potential (ψ s ) had fallen to −2.6 and −2.8 MPa in laminae and bases respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Osmotic potential in Lolium perenne leaf bases fell to −2.8 MPa after 8 wk of drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- basese3
- Treatment
- 8 wk of droughte2
- Outcome
- osmotic potential (ψ s )e3
- Direction
- fallene3
- Value
- −2.8e3
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
e3“osmotic potential (ψ s ) had fallen to −2.6 and −2.8 MPa in laminae and bases respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydration of Lolium perenne tissue declined to less than half of control values during drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- 8 wk of droughte2
- Outcome
- Hydratione4
- Direction
- declinede4
- Value
- less than halfe4
- Comparator
- control valuese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
e4“Hydration (ratio of tissue water to dry matter) declined steadily to less than half control values”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-soluble carbohydrate contents of Lolium perenne increased during drought, mostly as large fructan molecules.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- droughte5
- Outcome
- water soluble carbohydrate contentse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- mostly due to accumulation of large fructan moleculese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e5“During drought, water soluble carbohydrate contents increased, mostly due to accumulation of large fructan molecules having little effect on ψ s”
Claim · model-written summary
Total measured solutes in Lolium perenne leaf laminae increased by 11 % during drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- laminaee6
- Treatment
- 8 wk of droughte2
- Outcome
- molarity of total measured solutese6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 11 %e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
e6“molarity of total measured solutes on a dry weight basis increased by only 11 % in laminae and fell by 6% in bases”
Claim · model-written summary
Total measured solutes in Lolium perenne leaf bases fell by 6% during drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- basese6
- Treatment
- 8 wk of droughte2
- Outcome
- molarity of total measured solutese6
- Direction
- felle6
- Value
- 6%e6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
e6“molarity of total measured solutes on a dry weight basis increased by only 11 % in laminae and fell by 6% in bases”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline contents of Lolium perenne bases increased steadily during drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- basese7
- Treatment
- droughte7
- Outcome
- Proline contentse7
- Direction
- increased steadilye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e7“Proline contents of bases increased steadily during drought”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphate content of Lolium perenne declined in both bases and laminae during drought.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- bases and laminaee3
- Treatment
- droughte2
- Outcome
- Phosphate contente3
- Direction
- declinede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e2“After 8 wk of drought leaf extension had stopped”
e3“Phosphate content, however, declined in both bases and laminae”
Claim · model-written summary
Tissues of Lolium perenne rehydrated within 2 d after rewatering.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Treatment
- rewateringe3
- Outcome
- tissues rehydratede3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e3“Following rewatering, tissues rehydrated within 2 d”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose and glucose contents in Lolium perenne leaf bases fell by more than 50% after rewatering and remained low.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenneLolium perennee1
- Organ / stage
- leaf basese5
- Treatment
- rewateringe3
- Outcome
- sucrose and glucose contentse4
- Direction
- felle4
- Value
- more than 50%e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Simulated swards of Lolium perenne were grown in containers 0.9 m deep in the glasshouse and subjected to drought for 0 (control) 2, 4, 6 or 8 wk”
e3“Following rewatering, tissues rehydrated within 2 d”
e4“sucrose and glucose contents fell by more than 50% and remained low”
e5“Carbohydrates in leaf bases changed rapidly”
The same questions in other papers
drought · physiology: water · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.