Abstract
Ethephon, at concentrations of 125- 1000 ppm, was applied to Jonathan and Delicious apple trees 3-4 weeks before the anticipated harvest date for untreated apples. Ripening of Jonathan, as measured by increases in red colour and flavour score, was advanced by 6, 10, and 15 d by 250,500 and 1000 ppm ethephon respectively. Softening was not affected. Fruit drop was increased by 1000 ppm only, to 14% of the crop. In Delicious, red colouring and flavour development were advanced by up to 6 d with 1000 ppm ethephon, but yellowing and softening were advanced more, by 7- 14 d with 250 ppm and up to 10- 17 d with 1000 ppm. Softening did not reach unacceptable levels, but three weeks after treatment, yellowing and water core reached unacceptable levels. Red colouring, as measured by anthocyanin concentration or area of red skin, was increased up to two-fold in Jonathan with 1000 ppm, and by up to 50% in Delicious with 1000 ppm. Ethephon also advanced the rise in susceptibility of both cultivars to storage disorders, breakdown and brownheart, in air or controlled atmosphere cold storage. However, if the treated apples were harvested when ripe, 7- 15 d before the controls, their quality after storage was the same as that of controls harvested later.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon advanced Jonathan ripening by 6, 10 and 15 days at increasing doses.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Material
- Jonathane0
- Treatment
- 250,500 and 1000 ppm ethephone0
- Outcome
- Ripening of Jonathane0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Value
- 6, 10, and 15 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ripening of Jonathan, as measured by increases in red colour and flavour score, was advanced by 6, 10, and 15 d by 250,500 and 1000 ppm ethephon respectively.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon did not affect Jonathan softening.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- ethephont1
- Outcome
- Softeninge0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Softening was not affected.”
t0“apples”
t1“ethephon”
Claim · model-written summary
The 1000 ppm treatment increased fruit drop to 14% of the crop.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit drop was increased by 1000 ppm only, to 14% of the crop.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
In Delicious, 1000 ppm ethephon advanced red colour and flavour development by up to 6 days.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- 1000 ppm ethephone0
- Outcome
- red colouring and flavour developmente0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Value
- up to 6 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Delicious, red colouring and flavour development were advanced by up to 6 d with 1000 ppm ethephon”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
In Delicious, yellowing and softening advanced by 7–14 days at 250 ppm.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Delicioust1
- Treatment
- 250 ppme0
- Outcome
- yellowing and softeninge0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Value
- 7- 14 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yellowing and softening were advanced more, by 7- 14 d with 250 ppm”
t0“apples”
t1“Delicious”
Claim · model-written summary
In Delicious, yellowing and softening advanced by up to 10–17 days at 1000 ppm.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Delicioust1
- Treatment
- 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- yellowing and softeninge1
- Direction
- advancede1
- Value
- 10- 17 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“up to 10- 17 d with 1000 ppm”
t0“apples”
t1“Delicious”
e1“yellowing and softening were advanced more, by 7- 14 d with 250 ppm and up to 10- 17 d with 1000 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Softening did not reach unacceptable levels after ethephon treatment.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- Softening did not reach unacceptable levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Softening did not reach unacceptable levels”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellowing and water core reached unacceptable levels three weeks after treatment.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- yellowing and water core reached unacceptable levelse0
- Qualifier
- three weeks after treatmente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three weeks after treatment, yellowing and water core reached unacceptable levels”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1000 ppm, red colouring increased up to twofold in Jonathan.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Jonathane0
- Treatment
- 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- Red colouringe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- two-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Red colouring, as measured by anthocyanin concentration or area of red skin, was increased up to two-fold in Jonathan with 1000 ppm”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
At 1000 ppm, red colouring increased by up to 50% in Delicious.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Material
- Deliciouse0
- Treatment
- 1000 ppme0
- Outcome
- Red colouringe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by up to 50% in Delicious with 1000 ppm”
t0“apples”
e1“Red colouring, as measured by anthocyanin concentration or area of red skin, was increased up to two-fold in Jonathan with 1000 ppm, and by up to 50% in Delicious with 1000 ppm”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon advanced susceptibility to breakdown and brownheart during cold storage.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ethephone0
- Outcome
- susceptibility of both cultivars to storage disorders, breakdown and brownhearte0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Setting
- air or controlled atmosphere cold storagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon also advanced the rise in susceptibility of both cultivars to storage disorders, breakdown and brownheart, in air or controlled atmosphere cold storage.”
t0“apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated apples harvested when ripe 7–15 days early had the same quality after storage as later harvested controls.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- treated apples were harvested when ripee0
- Outcome
- quality after storagee0
- Direction
- the samee0
- Value
- 7- 15 de0
- Comparator
- controls harvested latere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“if the treated apples were harvested when ripe, 7- 15 d before the controls, their quality after storage was the same as that of controls harvested later”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: postharvest · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- no effect
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See all 32 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
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See all 12 papers →(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · quality: general · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.