Abstract
Crop storage should be carried out under hygienic conditions to ensure safe products, but sometimes grain dust which has settled from previous storage may be left over and incorporated to the following stored grains. This paper describes the results obtained using a lab model developed in order to assess the impact of grain dust incorporation for its direct contribution as a contaminant but also as an inoculum in stored wheat. Settled grain dust (4 samples) released from Belgian grain storages were collected and analysed by HPLC for ergosterol, ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) content. For OTA and for ergosterol, there was a high degree of variability in concentrations found in the dust samples (from 17.3-318 ng g(-1) and from 39-823 microg g(-1), respectively) whilst for CIT, the range was less significant (from 137-344 ng g(-1)). Incorporation of grain dust into wheat storage contributed to an increase in the concentrations of mycotoxins in the stored grain. Dust acts as a contaminant and as an inoculum. According to these two ways, patterns of mycotoxin generation vary with the nature of the mycotoxin, the mycotoxigenic potential of dust and the water activity of the wheat. OTA and CIT showed a very versatile image when considering the amounts of toxins produced under the selected experimental conditions. The development of a robust tool to forecast the mycotoxigenicity of dust was based on the determination of ergosterol content as a general marker of fungal biomass. Present results suggest that this predictive tool would only be valid for predicting the contamination level of CIT and OTA at reasonable moisture content (14-20%). The potential risk of having highly contaminated batches from stock to stock may thus occur and this paper discusses possible pathways leading to OTA and CIT contamination either under wet or dry storage conditions. We therefore, recommend taking precautionary measures not only by controlling and maintaining moisture at a reasonable level during storage of the raw materials but also by paying more attention to the cleaning of the stores before loading in the new harvests.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporation of grain dust into wheat storage increased mycotoxin concentrations in the stored grain.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Incorporation of grain dust into wheat storagee0
- Outcome
- concentrations of mycotoxins in the stored graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of grain dust into wheat storage contributed to an increase in the concentrations of mycotoxins in the stored grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain dust acts as both a contaminant and an inoculum of stored wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- contaminant and as an inoculume1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of grain dust into wheat storage contributed to an increase in the concentrations of mycotoxins in the stored grain”
e1“Dust acts as a contaminant and as an inoculum”
Claim · model-written summary
Patterns of mycotoxin generation vary with the mycotoxin type, the mycotoxigenic potential of dust and the water activity of the wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- water activity of the wheate2
- Outcome
- patterns of mycotoxin generatione2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“patterns of mycotoxin generation vary with the nature of the mycotoxin, the mycotoxigenic potential of dust and the water activity of the wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Ochratoxin A and citrinin showed a very versatile pattern in the amounts of toxins produced under the selected experimental conditions.
- Taxon
- wheat grainsTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- OTA and CITe3
- Outcome
- amounts of toxins producede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“OTA and CIT showed a very versatile image when considering the amounts of toxins produced under the selected experimental conditions”
t0“stored wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
Ergosterol content was used as a marker to forecast the mycotoxigenicity of dust in stored wheat.
- Taxon
- wheat grainsTriticum aestivumt0
- Compound
- ergosterole4
- Outcome
- mycotoxigenicity of duste4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The development of a robust tool to forecast the mycotoxigenicity of dust was based on the determination of ergosterol content as a general marker of fungal biomass”
t0“stored wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The ergosterol predictive tool is valid only for predicting CIT and OTA contamination at 14-20% moisture content.
- Taxon
- wheat grainsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- predicting the contamination level of CIT and OTAe5
- Value
- 14-20%e5
- Qualifier
- at reasonable moisture contente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Present results suggest that this predictive tool would only be valid for predicting the contamination level of CIT and OTA at reasonable moisture content (14-20%)”
t0“stored wheat grains”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend controlling and maintaining moisture during storage and cleaning stores before loading.
- Taxon
- wheat grainsTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- precautionary measurese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“stored wheat grains”
e6“We therefore, recommend taking precautionary measures not only by controlling and maintaining moisture at a reasonable level during storage of the raw materials but also by paying more attention to the cleaning of the stores before loading in the new harvests”
The same questions in other papers
storage · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
10 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- no effect
9 papers more in this group
See all 13 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.