Abstract
Field experiments involving naturally occurring population levels of larval European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff. ) and artificial defoliation in both field and glasshouse experiments were used to investigate physiological effects of defoliation on lodgepole pine. Reductions in total projected leaf area, annual height and volume increments of 19, 33 and 32 per cent, respectively, were recorded on trees where larvae had consumed all mature foliage. Leader growth was up to 48 per cent less on defoliated trees after two years reflecting a delayed growth impact. Similar effects were found on trees which had been defoliated by hand in a manner resembling sawfly feeding. Artificial defoliation of transplants also showed that this type of damage can have serious consequences on below-ground growth, particularly of fine roots. Root:shoot ratios were found to be 0.64 in undamaged plants and 1. 05 in defoliated plants. A high concentration (1300 ppm) of the insecticide fenitrothion, used to maintain control treatments in the field, was found to have no significant effects on the major growth parameters being assessed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Larval defoliation reduced total projected leaf area by 19 per cent in lodgepole pine trees whose mature foliage was consumed.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole Pine
Pinus contortat0 - Treatment
- larvae had consumed all mature foliagee0
- Interactor
- European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer
.JPG?width=60)
Neodiprion sertifere1pest - Outcome
- total projected leaf areae0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Value
- 19e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e0“Reductions in total projected leaf area, annual height and volume increments of 19, 33 and 32 per cent, respectively, were recorded on trees where larvae had consumed all mature foliage”
e1“larval European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff. )”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval defoliation reduced annual height increment by 33 per cent in lodgepole pine trees whose mature foliage was consumed.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- larvae had consumed all mature foliagee0
- Interactor
- European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertiferNeodiprion sertifere1pest
- Outcome
- annual heighte0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Value
- 33e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e0“Reductions in total projected leaf area, annual height and volume increments of 19, 33 and 32 per cent, respectively, were recorded on trees where larvae had consumed all mature foliage”
e1“larval European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff. )”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval defoliation reduced volume increment by 32 per cent in lodgepole pine trees whose mature foliage was consumed.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- larvae had consumed all mature foliagee0
- Interactor
- European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertiferNeodiprion sertifere1pest
- Outcome
- volume incrementse0
- Direction
- Reductionse0
- Value
- 32 per cente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e0“Reductions in total projected leaf area, annual height and volume increments of 19, 33 and 32 per cent, respectively, were recorded on trees where larvae had consumed all mature foliage”
e1“larval European pine sawfly Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff. )”
Claim · model-written summary
Leader growth of defoliated lodgepole pine trees was up to 48 per cent less after two years, reflecting a delayed growth impact.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- defoliated treese2
- Outcome
- Leader growthe2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Value
- up to 48 per cente2
- Qualifier
- after two yearse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e2“Leader growth was up to 48 per cent less on defoliated trees after two years reflecting a delayed growth impact”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand defoliation resembling sawfly feeding produced effects similar to larval defoliation in lodgepole pine.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- defoliated by hande3
- Interactor
- sawflye3pest
- Outcome
- Similar effectse3
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e3“Similar effects were found on trees which had been defoliated by hand in a manner resembling sawfly feeding”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial defoliation of transplants had serious consequences for below-ground growth of lodgepole pine, particularly fine roots.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Organ / stage
- fine rootse4
- Treatment
- Artificial defoliation of transplantse4
- Outcome
- below-ground growthe4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e4“Artificial defoliation of transplants also showed that this type of damage can have serious consequences on below-ground growth, particularly of fine roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Root:shoot ratio was higher in defoliated lodgepole pine plants (1. 05) than in undamaged plants (0.64).
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- defoliated plantse5
- Outcome
- Root:shoot ratiose5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Value
- 1. 05e5
- Qualifier
- 0.64 in undamaged plantse5
- Comparator
- undamaged plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e5“Root:shoot ratios were found to be 0.64 in undamaged plants and 1. 05 in defoliated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenitrothion at 1300 ppm had no significant effect on the major growth parameters of lodgepole pine.
- Taxon
- Lodgepole PinePinus contortat0
- Treatment
- A high concentration (1300 ppm) of the insecticide fenitrothione6
- Outcome
- major growth parameterse6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Lodgepole Pine”
e6“A high concentration (1300 ppm) of the insecticide fenitrothion, used to maintain control treatments in the field, was found to have no significant effects on the major growth parameters being assessed”
The same questions in other papers
transplanting · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
pruning · growth · Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.