Abstract
Abstract An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids. The larval population was considerably lower in the protected crops compared to the unprotected one. Further, the hybid CSH‐5 has a lower level of larval infestation compared to CSH‐9. A significantly higher grain yield was obtained in the protected plot than the unprotected one. Losses of 6.65 q/ha (14.51%) in CSH‐9 and 5.18 q/ha (12.87%) in CSH‐5 were recorded. The overall loss for the two crops was 5.92 q/ha (13.72%). In CSH‐9 the cost‐benefit ratio was 1:12.70 compared with 1:9.89in CSH‐5, with the mean ratio being 1:11.30. The most commonly recommended insecticides, endosulfan spray and BHC dust, were applied at different earhead stages to determine for control of H. armigera which combination provided the best level of control. The application of insecticides at the early milk stage was highly effective; recording a low number of larvae and a high grain yield. The next earhead stages, in order of merit, were the full flowering and dough stage. The endosulfan spray was more effective in reducing the larval population size and increasing the grain yield than use of the BHC dust. The cost‐benefit ratio was 1:31.02 in endosulfan at the early milk stage, and 1:25.06 for the BHC dusting. Among the 36 genotypes, the entries SPV‐772, PSYH‐2, PM‐11344, SPV‐756, SPV‐690, SPV‐790 and MSH‐62 of losse earhead type sorghums were found to be less susceptible to the pest compared with the remaining entries from semicompact and compact earhead types.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
In CSH‐9 sorghum, avoidable losses due to Heliothis armigera were 6.65 q/ha (14.51%).
- Material
- CSH‐9e5
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae1pest - Outcome
- Lossese5
- Value
- 6.65 q/ha (14.51%)e5
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e5“Losses of 6.65 q/ha (14.51%) in CSH‐9 and 5.18 q/ha (12.87%) in CSH‐5 were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
In CSH‐5 sorghum, avoidable losses due to Heliothis armigera were 5.18 q/ha (12.87%).
- Material
- CSH‐5e5
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- Lossese5
- Value
- 5.18 q/ha (12.87%)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e5“Losses of 6.65 q/ha (14.51%) in CSH‐9 and 5.18 q/ha (12.87%) in CSH‐5 were recorded”
Claim · model-written summary
Over the two crops, the overall sorghum grain loss due to Heliothis armigera was 5.92 q/ha (13.72%).
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- overall losse6
- Value
- 5.92 q/ha (13.72%)e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e6“The overall loss for the two crops was 5.92 q/ha (13.72%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan applied at the early milk stage lowered the Heliothis armigera larval population in sorghum relative to unprotected crops.
- Treatment
- applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stagee1
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- larval populatione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Comparator
- unprotected onee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The larval population was considerably lower in the protected crops compared to the unprotected one”
Claim · model-written summary
CSH‐5 sorghum had a lower Heliothis armigera larval infestation than CSH‐9.
- Material
- CSH‐5e3
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- larval infestatione3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Comparator
- CSH‐9e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e3“the hybid CSH‐5 has a lower level of larval infestation compared to CSH‐9”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan applied at the early milk stage gave a significantly higher sorghum grain yield than unprotected plots.
- Treatment
- applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stagee1
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- unprotected onee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e4“A significantly higher grain yield was obtained in the protected plot than the unprotected one”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide application at the early milk stage recorded a low number of Heliothis armigera larvae in sorghum.
- Treatment
- application of insecticides at the early milk stagee2
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- number of larvaee2
- Direction
- lowe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The application of insecticides at the early milk stage was highly effective; recording a low number of larvae and a high grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide application at the early milk stage gave a high sorghum grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The application of insecticides at the early milk stage was highly effective; recording a low number of larvae and a high grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Insecticide application at the full flowering and dough stages ranked next in merit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The next earhead stages, in order of merit, were the full flowering and dough stage”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan spray was more effective than BHC dust in reducing the larval population.
- Treatment
- endosulfan spraye2
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- larval population sizee2
- Direction
- more effectivee2
- Comparator
- BHC duste2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The endosulfan spray was more effective in reducing the larval population size and increasing the grain yield than use of the BHC dust”
Claim · model-written summary
In CSH‐9 sorghum, the cost‐benefit ratio of insecticide control was 1:12.70.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e7“In CSH‐9 the cost‐benefit ratio was 1:12.70 compared with 1:9.89in CSH‐5, with the mean ratio being 1:11.30”
Claim · model-written summary
In CSH‐5 sorghum, the cost‐benefit ratio of insecticide control was 1:9.89.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e7“In CSH‐9 the cost‐benefit ratio was 1:12.70 compared with 1:9.89in CSH‐5, with the mean ratio being 1:11.30”
Claim · model-written summary
The mean cost-benefit ratio of insecticide control across the two sorghum hybrids was 1:11.30.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e7“In CSH‐9 the cost‐benefit ratio was 1:12.70 compared with 1:9.89in CSH‐5, with the mean ratio being 1:11.30”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan at the early milk stage had a cost-benefit ratio of 1:31.02 in sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The cost‐benefit ratio was 1:31.02 in endosulfan at the early milk stage, and 1:25.06 for the BHC dusting”
Claim · model-written summary
BHC dusting had a cost-benefit ratio of 1:25.06 in sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The cost‐benefit ratio was 1:31.02 in endosulfan at the early milk stage, and 1:25.06 for the BHC dusting”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven sorghum entries were less susceptible to Heliothis armigera than the semicompact and compact earhead entries.
- Material
- SPV‐772, PSYH‐2, PM‐11344, SPV‐756, SPV‐690, SPV‐790 and MSH‐62e2
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- susceptible to the peste2
- Direction
- less susceptiblee2
- Comparator
- remaining entries from semicompact and compact earhead typese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“Among the 36 genotypes, the entries SPV‐772, PSYH‐2, PM‐11344, SPV‐756, SPV‐690, SPV‐790 and MSH‐62 of losse earhead type sorghums were found to be less susceptible to the pest compared with the remaining entries from semicompact and compact earhead types”
Claim · model-written summary
Endosulfan spray was more effective than BHC dust in increasing the grain yield of sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“An estimation of the avoidable loss of sorghum grains due to damage caused by Heliothis armigera was carried out with applications of endosulfan 0.05% at the early milk stage on CSH‐5 and CSH‐9 hybrids”
e2“The endosulfan spray was more effective in reducing the larval population size and increasing the grain yield than use of the BHC dust”
The same questions in other papers
endosulfan · yield · SorghumResults agree
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- positive
- positive
insecticide · yield · SorghumResults differ
18 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
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80 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
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See all 88 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.