Abstract
Abstract Changes in isozymes and peanut protein molecular weights were determined in mature peanuts treated with chitosan and/or Aspergillus flavus. Enzymes involved with the synthesis of phenolic compounds were analyzed. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were resolved by native‐PAGE using gradient gels containing 8–25% polyacrylamide while polyphenoloxidases (PPO) were resolved with 10–15% polyacrylamide. Anodic peroxidase (PRX) and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKD) were detected by IEF‐PAGE (pi range of 4.0–6.5). Chitosan induced enzyme activities of PPO (Rf=0.34) and SKD (pl=5.22; pl=4.85) in viable seeds while A. flavus enhanced activities of G6PDH (Rf=0.44), GDH (Rf=0.14), PRX (pl=4.00), PPO (Rf=0.27), and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.27). Chitosan + A. flavus promoted GDH (Rf=0.14; Rf=0.20; Rf=0.25) and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.04) activities. SKD with five isozyme bands was a better marker for comparing the effects of elicitors. Chitosan and chitosan + A. flavus treated seeds did not have any protein molecular weight changes over 72 h. By 48 h after inoculation of mature seeds with A. flavus, an early change in protein composition of moderately susceptible cultivar of peanuts, Starr, was detected by non‐denaturing gel electrophoresis. Resistant cultivar J‐11 exhibited a delay in alteration of protein composition until 72 h. Manipulation of specific enzyme activities could help elucidate biochemical mechanisms in elicitor‐host interaction and control contamination by aflatoxin‐producing fungi.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan induced PPO and SKD enzyme activities in viable peanut seeds.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Organ / stage
- viable seedse0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- enzyme activities of PPO (Rf=0.34) and SKD (pl=5.22; pl=4.85)e0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan induced enzyme activities of PPO (Rf=0.34) and SKD (pl=5.22; pl=4.85) in viable seeds while A. flavus enhanced activities of G6PDH (Rf=0.44), GDH (Rf=0.14), PRX (pl=4.00), PPO (Rf=0.27), and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.27).”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus enhanced five enzyme activities in peanut seeds.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- A. flavuse0
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- activities of G6PDH (Rf=0.44), GDH (Rf=0.14), PRX (pl=4.00), PPO (Rf=0.27), and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.27)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan induced enzyme activities of PPO (Rf=0.34) and SKD (pl=5.22; pl=4.85) in viable seeds while A. flavus enhanced activities of G6PDH (Rf=0.44), GDH (Rf=0.14), PRX (pl=4.00), PPO (Rf=0.27), and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.27).”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined chitosan and A. flavus promoted GDH and SKD activities.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Chitosan + A. flavuse0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- GDH (Rf=0.14; Rf=0.20; Rf=0.25) and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.04) activitiese0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan + A. flavus promoted GDH (Rf=0.14; Rf=0.20; Rf=0.25) and SKD (pl=4.56; pl=4.04) activities.”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
SKD with five isozyme bands was a better elicitor response marker.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Gene
- SKDe0
- Outcome
- better markere0
- Value
- five isozyme bandse0
- Comparator
- effects of elicitorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SKD with five isozyme bands was a better marker for comparing the effects of elicitors.”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan treated seeds had no protein molecular weight changes over 72 h.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- Chitosane0
- Outcome
- protein molecular weight changese0
- Direction
- did not have anye0
- Qualifier
- over 72 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan and chitosan + A. flavus treated seeds did not have any protein molecular weight changes over 72 h.”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
chitosan + A. flavus treated seeds had no protein molecular weight changes over 72 h.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- chitosan + A. flavuse0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- protein molecular weight changese0
- Direction
- did not have anye0
- Qualifier
- over 72 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chitosan and chitosan + A. flavus treated seeds did not have any protein molecular weight changes over 72 h.”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus inoculation altered protein composition in Starr seeds by 48 h.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Material
- Starre0
- Treatment
- inoculation of mature seeds with A. flavuse0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- change in protein compositione0
- Qualifier
- By 48 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 48 h after inoculation of mature seeds with A. flavus, an early change in protein composition of moderately susceptible cultivar of peanuts, Starr, was detected by non‐denaturing gel electrophoresis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant J‐11 delayed protein composition alteration until 72 h.
- Taxon
- peanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- J‐11e0
- Outcome
- alteration of protein compositione0
- Direction
- delaye0
- Qualifier
- until 72 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Resistant cultivar J‐11 exhibited a delay in alteration of protein composition until 72 h.”
t0“Effects of chitosan andaspergillus flawson isozymes related to phenouc compound synthesis and protein profiles of peanut seeds”
The same questions in other papers
Aspergillus flavus · quality: protein · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.