Abstract
Members of the AP2 family of transcription factors, such as BABY BOOM (BBM), play important roles in cell proliferation and embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtBBM) and Brassica napus (BnBBM) but how this occurs is not understood. We have isolated three AP2 genes (GmBBM1, GmAIL5, GmPLT2) from somatic embryo cultures of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr, and discovered GmBBM1 to be homologous to AtBBM and BnBBM. GmAIL5 and GmPLT2 were homologous to Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA-like5 (AIL5) and PLETHORA2 (PLT2), respectively. Constitutive expression of GmBBM1 in Arabidopsis induced somatic embryos on vegetative organs and other pleiotropic effects on post-germinative vegetative organ development. Sequence comparisons of BBM orthologues revealed the presence of ten sequence motifs outside of the AP2 DNA-binding domains. One of the motifs, bbm-1, was specific to the BBM-like genes. Deletion and domain swap analyses revealed that bbm-1 was important for somatic embryogenesis and acted cooperatively with at least one other motif, euANT2, in the regulation of somatic embryogenesis and embryo development in transgenic Arabidopsis. The results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which BBM governs embryogenesis.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Three AP2 genes were isolated from soybean somatic embryo cultures.
- Taxon
- Glycine max (L.) Merr
Glycine maxe0 - Organ / stage
- somatic embryo culturese0
- Gene
- GmBBM1, GmAIL5, GmPLT2e0
- Outcome
- AP2 genese0
- Value
- threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“isolated three AP2 genes (GmBBM1, GmAIL5, GmPLT2) from somatic embryo cultures of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr”
Claim · model-written summary
GmBBM1 was homologous to AtBBM and BnBBM.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“GmBBM1 to be homologous to AtBBM and BnBBM”
Claim · model-written summary
GmAIL5 and GmPLT2 were homologous to AIL5 and PLT2, respectively.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Gene
- GmAIL5 and GmPLT2e0
- Outcome
- homologouse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GmAIL5 and GmPLT2 were homologous to Arabidopsis AINTEGUMENTA-like5 (AIL5) and PLETHORA2 (PLT2), respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive GmBBM1 expression induced somatic embryos on Arabidopsis vegetative organs.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- vegetative organse0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of GmBBM1e0
- Gene
- GmBBM1e0
- Outcome
- somatic embryose0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of GmBBM1 in Arabidopsis induced somatic embryos on vegetative organs”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive GmBBM1 expression also caused other pleiotropic effects on post-germinative vegetative organ development.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- post-germinative vegetative organe0
- Treatment
- Constitutive expression of GmBBM1e0
- Gene
- GmBBM1e0
- Outcome
- other pleiotropic effects on post-germinative vegetative organ developmente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Constitutive expression of GmBBM1 in Arabidopsis induced somatic embryos on vegetative organs and other pleiotropic effects on post-germinative vegetative organ development”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequence comparisons revealed ten motifs outside the AP2 DNA-binding domains.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Sequence comparisons of BBM orthologues revealed the presence of ten sequence motifs outside of the AP2 DNA-binding domains”
Claim · model-written summary
The bbm-1 motif was specific to BBM-like genes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“bbm-1, was specific to the BBM-like genes”
Claim · model-written summary
The bbm-1 motif was important for somatic embryogenesis and cooperated with euANT2 in embryogenesis regulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- bbm-1e0
- Outcome
- somatic embryogenesis and embryo developmente0
- Qualifier
- acted cooperatively with at least one other motif, euANT2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bbm-1 was important for somatic embryogenesis and acted cooperatively with at least one other motif, euANT2, in the regulation of somatic embryogenesis and embryo development in transgenic Arabidopsis”
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overexpression · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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