Abstract
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is produced in the wheat producing areas of the Western Cape Province, Republic of South Africa, primarily for bread-baking purposes. Milling and baking characteristics are therefore of utmost importance. In a long-term tillage and crop rotation experiment in the Swartland, it was found that during the 2000 growing season, flour yield was increased by conventional tillage but hectolitre mass did not respond to tillage during the same season or on average for the period 1992–1998. Although grain protein content and ultimately loaf volume were also higher with conventional tillage when compared to no-tillage, the latter resulted in the highest grain protein yield owing to slightly higher grain yield obtained with no-tillage. The inclusion of a legume crop (lupin) and canola in rotation with wheat had little effect on either milling or baking characteristics, possibly owing to the fact that legumes were only planted once in a four-year cycle. Increased N-fertiliser rates (140 kg N ha−1) resulted in reduced hectolitre mass, but higher grain protein when compared to low N rates of 60 kg N ha−1. This study once more illustrated the complexity of the bread-baking process and the need for good management practices in order to obtain both high yield and good bread-baking quality under Mediterranean climatic conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage increased flour yield of spring wheat in the 2000 growing season.
- Taxon
- Spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- conventional tillagee1
- Outcome
- flour yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“flour yield was increased by conventional tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Hectolitre mass of spring wheat did not respond to tillage in the 2000 season or on average for 1992-1998.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- tillagee2
- Outcome
- hectolitre masse2
- Direction
- did not responde2
- Qualifier
- during the same season or on average for the period 1992–1998e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“hectolitre mass did not respond to tillage during the same season or on average for the period 1992–1998”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage gave higher grain protein content and loaf volume of spring wheat than no-tillage.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee3
- Outcome
- grain protein content and ultimately loaf volumee3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- no-tillagee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“grain protein content and ultimately loaf volume were also higher with conventional tillage when compared to no-tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage gave the highest grain protein yield of spring wheat.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee3
- Outcome
- grain protein yielde4
- Direction
- higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e3“when compared to no-tillage”
e4“the latter resulted in the highest grain protein yield”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage gave slightly higher grain yield of spring wheat.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- no-tillagee5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- highere5
- Qualifier
- slightlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“owing to slightly higher grain yield obtained with no-tillage”
Claim · model-written summary
Including lupin and canola in rotation with spring wheat had little effect on milling or baking characteristics.
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inclusion of a legume crop (lupin) and canola in rotation with wheate6
- Outcome
- milling or baking characteristicse6
- Direction
- little effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“The inclusion of a legume crop (lupin) and canola in rotation with wheat had little effect on either milling or baking characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased N-fertiliser rate (140 kg N ha-1) reduced hectolitre mass of spring wheat compared with low N rate (60 kg N ha-1).
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Increased N-fertiliser rates (140 kg N ha−1)e7
- Outcome
- hectolitre masse7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- low N rates of 60 kg N ha−1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Increased N-fertiliser rates (140 kg N ha−1) resulted in reduced hectolitre mass, but higher grain protein when compared to low N rates of 60 kg N ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased N-fertiliser rate (140 kg N ha-1) gave higher grain protein of spring wheat than low N rate (60 kg N ha-1).
- Taxon
- Spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Increased N-fertiliser rates (140 kg N ha−1)e7
- Outcome
- grain proteine7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- low N rates of 60 kg N ha−1e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Increased N-fertiliser rates (140 kg N ha−1) resulted in reduced hectolitre mass, but higher grain protein when compared to low N rates of 60 kg N ha−1”
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See all 1,414 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.