Abstract
The deposition of the (1,3)-β-glucan cell wall polymer callose at sites of attempted penetration is a common plant defense response to intruding pathogens and part of the plant's innate immunity. Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike. Our studies here were aimed at analyzing the role of FGL1 in establishing full F. graminearum virulence. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that the Δfgl1 mutant strongly induced the deposition of spot-like callose patches in vascular bundles of directly inoculated spikelets, while these callose deposits were not observed in infections by the wild type. Elevated concentrations of the polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and α-linolenic acid, which we detected in F. graminearum wild type-infected wheat spike tissue compared with Δfgl1-infected tissue, provided clear evidence for a suggested function of FGL1 in suppressing callose biosynthesis. These FFAs not only inhibited plant callose biosynthesis in vitro and in planta but also partially restored virulence to the Δfgl1 mutant when applied during infection of wheat spikelets. Additional FFA analysis confirmed that the purified effector lipase FGL1 was sufficient to release linoleic and α-linolenic acids from wheat spike tissue. We concluded that these two FFAs have a major function in the suppression of the innate immunity-related callose biosynthesis and, hence, the progress of F. graminearum wheat infection.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
The Δfgl1 mutant strongly induced callose deposition in vascular bundles of wheat spikelets, unlike the wild type
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- vascular bundlese2
- Treatment
- Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1e1
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
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Fusarium graminearume1pathogen - Outcome
- deposition of spot-like callose patchese2
- Direction
- strongly inducede2
- Comparator
- wild typee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that the Δfgl1 mutant strongly induced the deposition of spot-like callose patches in vascular bundles of directly inoculated spikelets, while these callose deposits were not observed in infections by the wild type”
e1“Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat spikes infected with wild-type F. graminearum had elevated linoleic and α-linolenic acid concentrations compared with Δfgl1-infected tissue
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- F. graminearum wild type-infectede3
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume3pathogen
- Compound
- linoleic and α-linolenic acide3
- Outcome
- concentrations of the polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and α-linolenic acide3
- Direction
- Elevatede3
- Comparator
- Δfgl1-infected tissuee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Elevated concentrations of the polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and α-linolenic acid, which we detected in F. graminearum wild type-infected wheat spike tissue compared with Δfgl1-infected tissue, provided clear evidence for a suggested function of FGL1 in suppressing callose biosynthesis”
e1“Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike”
Claim · model-written summary
These free fatty acids inhibited plant callose biosynthesis in vitro and in planta
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- These FFAse4
- Compound
- linoleic and α-linolenic acide3
- Outcome
- plant callose biosynthesise4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
- Qualifier
- in vitro and in plantae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“These FFAs not only inhibited plant callose biosynthesis in vitro and in planta but also partially restored virulence to the Δfgl1 mutant when applied during infection of wheat spikelets”
e3“Elevated concentrations of the polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and α-linolenic acid, which we detected in F. graminearum wild type-infected wheat spike tissue compared with Δfgl1-infected tissue, provided clear evidence for a suggested function of FGL1 in suppressing callose biosynthesis”
e1“Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Free fatty acids partially restored virulence of the Δfgl1 mutant when applied during wheat spikelet infection
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- applied during infectione4
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearumFusarium graminearume1pathogen
- Outcome
- virulencee4
- Direction
- partially restorede4
- Comparator
- Δfgl1 mutante4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“These FFAs not only inhibited plant callose biosynthesis in vitro and in planta but also partially restored virulence to the Δfgl1 mutant when applied during infection of wheat spikelets”
e1“Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike”
Claim · model-written summary
Purified FGL1 released linoleic and α-linolenic acids from wheat spike tissue
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- purified effector lipase FGL1e5
- Gene
- effector lipase FGL1e5
- Outcome
- linoleic and α-linolenic acidse5
- Direction
- releasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Additional FFA analysis confirmed that the purified effector lipase FGL1 was sufficient to release linoleic and α-linolenic acids from wheat spike tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
The two free fatty acids are concluded to suppress innate immunity-related callose biosynthesis and so the progress of wheat infection
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Compound
- linoleic and α-linolenic acide3
- Outcome
- suppression of the innate immunity-related callose biosynthesise6
- Qualifier
- the progress of F. graminearum wheat infectione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“We concluded that these two FFAs have a major function in the suppression of the innate immunity-related callose biosynthesis and, hence, the progress of F. graminearum wheat infection”
e3“Elevated concentrations of the polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) linoleic and α-linolenic acid, which we detected in F. graminearum wild type-infected wheat spike tissue compared with Δfgl1-infected tissue, provided clear evidence for a suggested function of FGL1 in suppressing callose biosynthesis”
e1“Infection of the Fusarium graminearum disruption mutant Δfgl1, which lacks the effector lipase FGL1, is restricted to inoculated wheat (Triticum aestivum) spikelets, whereas the wild-type strain colonized the whole wheat spike”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.