Abstract
In trees, production of intercellular signals and accessibility of signal conduits jointly govern dormancy cycling at the shoot apex. We identified 10 putative cell wall 1,3-β-glucanase genes (glucan hydrolase family 17 [GH17]) in Populus that could turn over 1,3-β-glucan (callose) at pores and plasmodesmata (PD) and investigated their regulation in relation to FT and CENL1 expression. The 10 genes encode orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana BG_ppap, a PD-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid-anchored protein, the Arabidopsis PD callose binding protein PDCB, and a birch (Betula pendula) putative lipid body (LB) protein. We found that these genes were differentially regulated by photoperiod, by chilling (5°C), and by feeding of gibberellins GA(3) and GA(4). GA(3) feeding upregulated all LB-associated GH17s, whereas GA(4) upregulated most GH17s with a GPI anchor and/or callose binding motif, but only GA(4) induced true bud burst. Chilling upregulated a number of GA biosynthesis and signaling genes as well as FT, but not CENL1, while the reverse was true for both GA(3) and GA(4). Collectively, the results suggest a model for dormancy release in which chilling induces FT and both GPI lipid-anchored and GA(3)-inducible GH17s to reopen signaling conduits in the embryonic shoot. When temperatures rise, the reopened conduits enable movement of FT and CENL1 to their targets, where they drive bud burst, shoot elongation, and morphogenesis.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ten putative GH17 genes were identified in Populus.
- Gene
- cell wall 1,3-β-glucanase genese0
- Outcome
- identified 10 putative cell wall 1,3-β-glucanase genese0
- Value
- 10e0
PopulusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We identified 10 putative cell wall 1,3-β-glucanase genes (glucan hydrolase family 17 [GH17]) in Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus GH17 genes encode orthologs of Arabidopsis proteins associated with plasmodesmata or lipid bodies.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 10 genes encode orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana BG_ppap, a PD-associated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid-anchored protein, the Arabidopsis PD callose binding protein PDCB, and a birch (Betula pendula) putative lipid body (LB) protein”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Populus GH17 genes were differentially regulated by photoperiod, chilling and gibberellin feeding.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these genes were differentially regulated by photoperiod, by chilling (5°C), and by feeding of gibberellins GA(3) and GA(4)”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(3) feeding upregulated all lipid-body-associated GH17 genes in Populus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA(3) feeding upregulated all LB-associated GH17s”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(4) upregulated most GPI-anchor or callose-binding GH17 genes in Populus.
- Treatment
- GA(4)e0
- Gene
- GH17se0
- Outcome
- GH17s with a GPI anchor and/or callose binding motife0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GA(4) upregulated most GH17s with a GPI anchor and/or callose binding motif”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(4), unlike GA(3), induced true bud burst in Populus.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only GA(4) induced true bud burst”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling upregulated several GA biosynthesis and signaling genes and FT in Populus.
- Treatment
- Chillinge0
- Gene
- FTe0
- Outcome
- GA biosynthesis and signaling genes as well as FTe0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling upregulated a number of GA biosynthesis and signaling genes as well as FT, but not CENL1”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling did not upregulate CENL1 in Populus.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chilling upregulated a number of GA biosynthesis and signaling genes as well as FT, but not CENL1”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
GA(3) and GA(4) feeding produced the reverse gene response to chilling in Populus.
- Treatment
- GA(3) and GA(4)e0
- Outcome
- GA biosynthesis and signaling genes as well as FT, but not CENL1e1
- Direction
- reversee0
- Comparator
- Chillinge1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while the reverse was true for both GA(3) and GA(4)”
e1“Chilling upregulated a number of GA biosynthesis and signaling genes as well as FT, but not CENL1”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that chilling induces FT and GH17s to reopen signaling conduits in the embryonic shoot.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chilling induces FT and both GPI lipid-anchored and GA(3)-inducible GH17s to reopen signaling conduits in the embryonic shoot”
t0“Populus”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that reopened conduits allow FT and CENL1 movement that drives bud burst, shoot elongation and morphogenesis.
- Gene
- FT and CENL1e0
- Outcome
- bud burst, shoot elongation, and morphogenesise0
- Qualifier
- reopened conduits enable movemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reopened conduits enable movement of FT and CENL1 to their targets, where they drive bud burst, shoot elongation, and morphogenesis”
t0“Populus”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · molecular: metabolites · Populus (poplar)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
cold · molecular: expression · Populus (poplar)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.