Abstract
Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993. Aflatoxin contamination was greater during the spring when high temperatures occurred during corn reproduction and maturation. Crops grown with the INIFAP crop management system consistently had high yields and low aflatoxin levels (0 to 6 ppb). The INIFAP system included: (i) early planting; (ii) a well-adapted hybrid (H-422); (iii) 55,000 plants per ha; (iv) adequate irrigation; and (v) ear insect control by insecticides. In contrast, crops in the control management system had management practices opposite to the INIFAP system (late planting, hybrid Growers-2340, 75,000 plants per ha, drought, and no insect control) and had lowest yields and significantly increased aflatoxin (63 to 167 ppb). The two factors most associated with enhanced aflatoxin contamination were late planting and ear insect damage. Cultivar and plant density did not significantly affect aflatoxin contamination when combined with the remaining components of the INIFAP system. Irrigation was not fully explored because of rainfall during the experiments. Artificial ear wounding with a nailboard device significantly increased aflatoxin contamination and interacted with high temperatures, which further demonstrated the importance of both temperature stress and ear injury on preharvest aflatoxin contamination.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed public-domain. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Aflatoxin contamination was greater in the spring when high temperatures occurred during corn reproduction and maturation.
- Taxon
- field corne0
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- Aflatoxin contaminatione1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Qualifier
- high temperatures occurred during corn reproduction and maturatione1
- Setting
- springe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e1“Aflatoxin contamination was greater during the spring when high temperatures occurred during corn reproduction and maturation”
Claim · model-written summary
The INIFAP crop management system had low aflatoxin levels (0 to 6 ppb) compared with the control management system.
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e2“Crops grown with the INIFAP crop management system consistently had high yields and low aflatoxin levels (0 to 6 ppb)”
e3“In contrast, crops in the control management system had management practices opposite to the INIFAP system (late planting, hybrid Growers-2340, 75,000 plants per ha, drought, and no insect control) and had lowest yields and significantly increased aflatoxin (63 to 167 ppb)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crops under the INIFAP crop management system had high yields, while the control management system had the lowest yields.
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e2“Crops grown with the INIFAP crop management system consistently had high yields and low aflatoxin levels (0 to 6 ppb)”
e3“In contrast, crops in the control management system had management practices opposite to the INIFAP system (late planting, hybrid Growers-2340, 75,000 plants per ha, drought, and no insect control) and had lowest yields and significantly increased aflatoxin (63 to 167 ppb)”
Claim · model-written summary
The control management system significantly increased aflatoxin contamination (63 to 167 ppb) compared with the INIFAP system.
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e3“In contrast, crops in the control management system had management practices opposite to the INIFAP system (late planting, hybrid Growers-2340, 75,000 plants per ha, drought, and no insect control) and had lowest yields and significantly increased aflatoxin (63 to 167 ppb)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late planting and ear insect damage were the two factors most associated with enhanced aflatoxin contamination.
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e4“The two factors most associated with enhanced aflatoxin contamination were late planting and ear insect damage”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar and plant density did not significantly affect aflatoxin contamination when combined with the remaining components of the INIFAP system.
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e5“Cultivar and plant density did not significantly affect aflatoxin contamination when combined with the remaining components of the INIFAP system”
Claim · model-written summary
Artificial ear wounding significantly increased aflatoxin contamination and interacted with high temperatures.
- Taxon
- field corne0
- Treatment
- Artificial ear wounding with a nailboard devicee6
- Outcome
- aflatoxin contaminatione6
- Direction
- significantly increasede6
- Qualifier
- interacted with high temperaturese6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Infection by Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin accumulation in field corn, Zea mays, were studied in relation to single and combined cultural practices in northeastern Mexico during the spring and fall growing seasons of 1991, 1992, and 1993”
e6“Artificial ear wounding with a nailboard device significantly increased aflatoxin contamination and interacted with high temperatures, which further demonstrated the importance of both temperature stress and ear injury on preharvest aflatoxin contamination”
The same questions in other papers
cultivation system · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
mechanical · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →density · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →cultivation system · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
109 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
151 papers more in this group
See all 155 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.