Abstract
Abstract Increasing levels of atmospheric CO 2 may have major effects on yield and water use of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). The objective was to determine the effect of elevated levels of CO 2 on grain yield and water use from planting to harvest under two water levels. ‘Newton’ winter wheat was grown in the field under ambient (340 µL/L) and elevated levels (485, 660, and 825 µL/L) of CO 2 , during three growing seasons, in 16 underground boxes (77 cm long, 37 cm wide, and 180 cm deep) containing a Muir silt loam (finesilty, mixed, mesic Cumulic Haplustoll). Water in half of the boxes was maintained at 0.38 m 3 /m 3 (high water level) and in the other half between 0.14 to 0.25 m 3 / m3 (low water level). Boxes were weighed in the fall and spring to determine the amount of water use by transpiration. Plastic chambers (121 by 92 by 168 cm) covered the boxes to maintain different CO 2 levels. Grain yield of the high‐water‐level wheat grown under ambient CO 2 was about the same as the grain yield of low‐water‐level wheat grown at the highest level of CO 2 (825 µL/L) (3‐yr means: 725 and 707 g/m 2 , respectively). Similar results were obtained for yield components (spike number, spike weight, kernels/spike, and kernel weight). High‐water‐level wheat grown with 825 µL/L CO 2 transpired more water than low‐water‐level wheat grown under ambient levels of CO 2 (3‐yr means: 453 and 370 L/m 2 , respectively). Under high and low water levels, 29 and 31% less water was required, respectively, to produce a gram of grain when the CO 2 concentration was raised from ambient to 825 µL/L. Results show that the water requirement of wheat is reduced by about 30% by elevated (1.4 times present ambient) CO 2 .
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
High-water ambient-CO2 wheat and low-water 825 µL/L CO2 wheat had similar grain yields of 725 and 707 g/m 2.
- Taxon
- Winter Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- highest level of CO 2 (825 µL/L)e0
- Outcome
- Grain yielde0
- Direction
- about the samee0
- Value
- 725 and 707 g/m 2e0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain yield of the high‐water‐level wheat grown under ambient CO 2 was about the same as the grain yield of low‐water‐level wheat grown at the highest level of CO 2 (825 µL/L) (3‐yr means: 725 and 707 g/m 2 , respectively)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components were similar for the contrasted water and CO2 combinations.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- highest level of CO 2 (825 µL/L)e1
- Outcome
- yield components (spike number, spike weight, kernels/spike, and kernel weight)e0
- Direction
- Similare0
- Comparator
- ambient CO 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar results were obtained for yield components (spike number, spike weight, kernels/spike, and kernel weight).”
e1“Grain yield of the high‐water‐level wheat grown under ambient CO 2 was about the same as the grain yield of low‐water‐level wheat grown at the highest level of CO 2 (825 µL/L)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
High-water wheat at 825 µL/L CO2 transpired more than low-water wheat at ambient CO2, 453 versus 370 L/m 2.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 825 µL/L CO 2e0
- Outcome
- transpired more watere0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 453 and 370 L/m 2e0
- Comparator
- ambient levels of CO 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“High‐water‐level wheat grown with 825 µL/L CO 2 transpired more water than low‐water‐level wheat grown under ambient levels of CO 2 (3‐yr means: 453 and 370 L/m 2 , respectively)”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At high water, raising CO2 to 825 µL/L reduced water per gram of grain by 29%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 825 µL/Le0
- Outcome
- water was required, respectively, to produce a gram of graine0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 29e0
- Qualifier
- highe0
- Comparator
- ambiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high and low water levels, 29 and 31% less water was required, respectively, to produce a gram of grain when the CO 2 concentration was raised from ambient to 825 µL/L”
t0“Winter Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At low water, raising CO2 to 825 µL/L reduced water per gram of grain by 31%.
- Taxon
- Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 825 µL/Le0
- Outcome
- water was required, respectively, to produce a gram of graine0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Value
- 31%e0
- Qualifier
- low water levelse0
- Comparator
- ambiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under high and low water levels, 29 and 31% less water was required, respectively, to produce a gram of grain when the CO 2 concentration was raised from ambient to 825 µL/L”
t0“Winter Wheat”
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co2 · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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