Abstract
Twelve essential oils from Mediterranean aromatic plants were tested at different doses against four fungi known as causal agents of post-harvest orange fruit rot: Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium italicum, Phytophthora citrophthora, and Rhizopus stolonifer. Essential oils were obtained from Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Majorana hortensis, Melissa officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris (Family Lamiaceae), Verbena officinalis (Family Verbenaceae), and Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, and Carum carvi (Family Apiaceae). Because preliminary in vitro experiments showed that only the oils from V. officinalis, T. vulgaris, and O. vulgare exhibited some fungistatic activity against the above-named fungi, these three essential oils were used in successive in vivo tests carried out to protect healthy "Washington navel" orange fruits from artificial infection by the same micromycetes. The essential oil of T. vulgaris, at a 2,000 ppm dose, controlled fruit rot by B. cinerea, P. citrophthora, and R. stolonifer but was ineffective against P. italicum. Essential oils of V. officinalis and O. vulgare inhibited infection by the first two fungi and only by P. citrophthora, respectively. This finding represents an important result, with the goal of using the essential oils as natural preservatives for food products, due to their positive effect on their safety and shelf life.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
In preliminary in vitro tests only the oils of V. officinalis, T. vulgaris and O. vulgare showed some fungistatic activity against the four rot fungi.
- Treatment
- oils from V. officinalis, T. vulgaris, and O. vulgaree0
- Outcome
- fungistatic activitye0
- Direction
- exhibitede0
- Setting
- in vitroe1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“only the oils from V. officinalis, T. vulgaris, and O. vulgare exhibited some fungistatic activity against the above-named fungi”
e1“preliminary in vitro experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
T. vulgaris essential oil at 2,000 ppm controlled orange fruit rot by B. cinerea, P. citrophthora and R. stolonifer.
- Taxon
- Oranget0
- Treatment
- essential oil of T. vulgaris, at a 2,000 ppm dosee0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea, P. citrophthora, and R. stoloniferPhytophthora citrophthora
Rhizopus stolonifer
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- fruit rote0
- Direction
- controllede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Postharvest Orange Fruit Rot Control”
e0“The essential oil of T. vulgaris, at a 2,000 ppm dose, controlled fruit rot by B. cinerea, P. citrophthora, and R. stolonifer but was ineffective against P. italicum”
Claim · model-written summary
T. vulgaris essential oil at 2,000 ppm was ineffective against orange fruit rot by P. italicum.
- Taxon
- Oranget0
- Treatment
- essential oil of T. vulgaris, at a 2,000 ppm dosee0
- Interactor
- P. italicum
Penicillium italicume0pathogen - Outcome
- fruit rote0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Postharvest Orange Fruit Rot Control”
e0“The essential oil of T. vulgaris, at a 2,000 ppm dose, controlled fruit rot by B. cinerea, P. citrophthora, and R. stolonifer but was ineffective against P. italicum”
Claim · model-written summary
V. officinalis essential oil inhibited infection of orange fruit by the first two fungi listed (B. cinerea and P. italicum).
- Taxon
- Oranget0
- Treatment
- Essential oils of V. officinalise0
- Interactor
- first two fungie0pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Postharvest Orange Fruit Rot Control”
e0“Essential oils of V. officinalis and O. vulgare inhibited infection by the first two fungi and only by P. citrophthora, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
O. vulgare essential oil inhibited orange fruit infection only by P. citrophthora.
- Taxon
- Oranget0
- Treatment
- O. vulgaree0
- Interactor
- P. citrophthoraPhytophthora citrophthorae0pathogen
- Outcome
- infectione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Postharvest Orange Fruit Rot Control”
e0“Essential oils of V. officinalis and O. vulgare inhibited infection by the first two fungi and only by P. citrophthora, respectively”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.