Abstract
Salicylic acid beta-glucoside (SAG) is a storage form of a defense signal against pathogens, releasing free salicylic acid (SA), to meet the requirements in plants. Since excess SA induces locally restricted cell death following oxidative burst and Ca2+ influx in plants, the effects of SAG on cell viability, Ca2+ influx, and generation of superoxide (O2*-) were examined in suspension-cultured tobacco BY-2 cells expressing aequorin. Among SA-related chemicals tested, only SAG induced the slow and long-lasting O2*- generation, although SAG was less active in acute O2*- generation, Ca2+ influx and induction of cell death. The prolonging action of SAG is likely due to gradual release of SA and the data suggested that a peroxidase-dependent reaction is involved. Notably, pretreatment with low-dose SA (50 micromu) enhanced the response to SAG by 2.5-fold. There are four possible secondary messengers in early SA signaling detectable in the BY-2 culture, namely O2*-, H2O2, Ca2+ and protein kinase (PK). If these messengers are involved in the low-dose SA-dependent priming for SAG response, they should be inducible by low-dose SA. Among the four SA-inducible signaling events, PK activation was excluded from the low-dose SA action since a much higher SA dose (> 0.4 mmu) was required for PK activation.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Only SAG among tested salicylic acid chemicals induced slow, lasting superoxide generation.
- Taxon
- Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- SAGe0
- Outcome
- O2*- generatione0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Comparator
- SA-related chemicalse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among SA-related chemicals tested, only SAG induced the slow and long-lasting O2*- generation”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
SAG was less active in acute superoxide generation, calcium influx, and cell death induction.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- SAGe0
- Outcome
- acute O2*- generation, Ca2+ influx and induction of cell deathe0
- Direction
- less activee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAG was less active in acute O2*- generation, Ca2+ influx and induction of cell death”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute prolonged SAG action to gradual salicylic acid release.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Compound
- SAe0
- Outcome
- prolonging action of SAGe0
- Qualifier
- gradual release of SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The prolonging action of SAG is likely due to gradual release of SA”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
The data suggest a peroxidase dependent reaction contributes to SAG action.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- peroxidase-dependent reactione0
- Qualifier
- peroxidase-dependent reactione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the data suggested that a peroxidase-dependent reaction is involved”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Pretreatment with low dose SA enhanced the SAG response 2.5 fold.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- pretreatment with low-dose SA (50 micromu)e0
- Outcome
- response to SAGe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 2.5-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pretreatment with low-dose SA (50 micromu) enhanced the response to SAG by 2.5-fold”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein kinase activation required a higher SA dose than low dose priming.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- PKe0
- Outcome
- PK activatione0
- Value
- > 0.4 mmue0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PK activation was excluded from the low-dose SA action since a much higher SA dose (> 0.4 mmu) was required for PK activation”
t0“Tobacco”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: hormones · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.