Abstract
Based on previous studies, it has been suggested that sugars stored in the maize ( Zea mays L.) stem can be exported to growing kernels, and thus contribute to kernel dry matter. The objective of the current study was to determine to what extent sugar and starch depletion from maize (cv. Cornell 175) stem responds to shade and ear temperature treatments. Stem sugar concentrations in pith and vascular bundle tissues of stem remained at stable levels throughout a diurnal time course and after 3 days of canopy shading. In contrast, free space sugar concentrations were lower at 0600 h than at 1800 h (EST). When ear temperatures were controlled at 6, 16, 25, and 32°C from 18 to 27 days after pollination (DAP), plants had similar glucose, sucrose, and starch cooncentrations in leaf blades and sheaths at all ear temperatures; however, sucrose concentrations in a composite sample of cobs, shanks, and husks (CSHs), and in stems were higher in plants with the 6°C ear temperature than in plants with the 25°C ear temperature treatment. When plants were shaded to exclude 85% of light flux and ear temperatures were controlled during the period from 34 to 44 DAP, sugar and starch concentrations in leaf blades and sheaths were not affected. Glucose, sucrose, and starch concentrations in certain stem fractions were higher in plants with 6°C treatments than in corresponding stem fractions of plants with higher ear temperature. The differences between total sugar content in stems of the 6°C treatment and the contents in stems of the 16, 25, and 32°C treatments were 3.6, 4.1, and 4.1 g/plant, respectively. These differences were not attributed to respiratory loss because, at the end of the treatment period, stem and ear respiration rates among plants with various ear temperatures were not discernibly different. It appears that temperature‐induced increases in kernel sink strength at the middle and late kernel‐fill stages increase the extent of carbohydrate redistribution from vegetative plant parts to kernels.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Stem sugar concentrations remained stable over a day and after three days of shading.
- Organ / stage
- pith and vascular bundle tissues of steme0
- Treatment
- canopy shadinge0
- Outcome
- Stem sugar concentrationse0
- Direction
- stable levelse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stem sugar concentrations in pith and vascular bundle tissues of stem remained at stable levels throughout a diurnal time course and after 3 days of canopy shading.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Free space sugar concentrations were lower at 0600 h than at 1800 h.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“free space sugar concentrations were lower at 0600 h than at 1800 h (EST).”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf blade and sheath glucose, sucrose and starch concentrations were similar across ear temperatures.
- Organ / stage
- leaf blades and sheathse0
- Treatment
- ear temperaturese0
- Outcome
- glucose, sucrose, and starch cooncentrationse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- all ear temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plants had similar glucose, sucrose, and starch cooncentrations in leaf blades and sheaths at all ear temperatures”
t0“Maize in Response to Shade and Ear Temperature Treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose was higher in cobs, shanks and husks at 6°C than at 25°C ear temperature.
- Organ / stage
- cobs, shanks, and huskse0
- Treatment
- 6°C ear temperaturee0
- Outcome
- sucrose concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 25°C ear temperature treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose concentrations in a composite sample of cobs, shanks, and husks (CSHs), and in stems were higher in plants with the 6°C ear temperature than in plants with the 25°C ear temperature treatment.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem sucrose was higher at 6°C than 25°C ear temperature.
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Treatment
- 6°C ear temperaturee0
- Outcome
- sucrose concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- 25°C ear temperature treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose concentrations in a composite sample of cobs, shanks, and husks (CSHs), and in stems were higher in plants with the 6°C ear temperature than in plants with the 25°C ear temperature treatment.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Shading did not affect leaf blade and sheath sugar and starch concentrations.
- Organ / stage
- leaf blades and sheathse0
- Treatment
- shaded to exclude 85% of light fluxe0
- Outcome
- sugar and starch concentrationse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When plants were shaded to exclude 85% of light flux and ear temperatures were controlled during the period from 34 to 44 DAP, sugar and starch concentrations in leaf blades and sheaths were not affected.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem fraction glucose, sucrose and starch were higher at 6°C than higher ear temperatures.
- Organ / stage
- certain stem fractionse0
- Treatment
- 6°C treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Glucose, sucrose, and starch concentrationse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- higher ear temperaturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Glucose, sucrose, and starch concentrations in certain stem fractions were higher in plants with 6°C treatments than in corresponding stem fractions of plants with higher ear temperature.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Total stem sugar differed by 3.6 g/plant between 6°C and 16°C treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences between total sugar content in stems of the 6°C treatment and the contents in stems of the 16, 25, and 32°C treatments were 3.6, 4.1, and 4.1 g/plant, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Total stem sugar differed by 4.1 g/plant between 6°C and 25°C treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences between total sugar content in stems of the 6°C treatment and the contents in stems of the 16, 25, and 32°C treatments were 3.6, 4.1, and 4.1 g/plant, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Total stem sugar differed by 4.1 g/plant between 6°C and 32°C treatments.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The differences between total sugar content in stems of the 6°C treatment and the contents in stems of the 16, 25, and 32°C treatments were 3.6, 4.1, and 4.1 g/plant, respectively.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem and ear respiration rates were not discernibly different among ear temperatures.
- Treatment
- various ear temperaturese0
- Outcome
- stem and ear respiration ratese0
- Direction
- not discernibly differente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stem and ear respiration rates among plants with various ear temperatures were not discernibly different.”
t0“Maize”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that warmer ears strengthen kernel sinks and carbohydrate redistribution.
- Treatment
- temperaturee0
- Outcome
- carbohydrate redistribution from vegetative plant parts to kernelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It appears that temperature‐induced increases in kernel sink strength at the middle and late kernel‐fill stages increase the extent of carbohydrate redistribution from vegetative plant parts to kernels.”
t0“Maize”
The same questions in other papers
shade · quality: sugar starch · Zea mays (maize)Results differ
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →light · quality: sugar starch · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.