Abstract
Abstract Pest management strategies based on crop losses from single stress factors may be inadequate where multiple stresses occur. Consequently, experiments were conducted in 1989, 1990, and 1991 to quantify interactive effects of stresses from soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe), acifluorfen (5‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid) plus bentazon [3‐(1‐methylethyl)‐(1 H )‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazin‐4(3 H )‐one 2,2‐dioxide] herbicides, and green cloverworm [ Plathypena scabra (F.)] on seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Treatments were combinations of at‐planting soybean cyst nematode soil density, acifluorfen plus bentazon rate, and green cloverworm defoliation level. Herbicides were applied at V6 soybean development, while green cloverworm feeding was simulated during R2 to R4 soybean development. Plot yield and yield components (pods per plant, seeds per pod, and weight per seed) were determined. Herbicide injury and defoliation independently reduced yield in 1990 and 1991. Yield reductions from defoliation were attributed to fewer pods per plant, while herbicide injury decreased pods per plant (1990) and weight per seed (1990 and 1991). Moreover, herbicide injury and defoliation interacted over 1990 and 1991 to decrease yield. Although stress from soybean cyst nematode alone never affected yield, interactions with herbicides and with defoliation reduced yield in 1990. No treatment effects on yield were found in 1989, probably due to uncontrolled environmental factors. Because of the 2‐yr herbicides × defoliation effect, lower economic injury levels for green cloverworm were developed for soybean treated with acifluorfen plus bentazon. To account for potential interactions involving soybean cyst nematode, growers will be advised to consider adjusting weed and insect management strategies for soybean fields infested with soybean cyst nematode.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury reduced soybean yield in 1990 and 1991.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Herbicide injurye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 1990 and 1991e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide injury and defoliation independently reduced yield in 1990 and 1991”
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced soybean yield in 1990 and 1991.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- defoliatione0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- in 1990 and 1991e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide injury and defoliation independently reduced yield in 1990 and 1991”
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation reduced pods per plant in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- defoliatione2
- Outcome
- pods per plante2
- Direction
- fewere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e2“Yield reductions from defoliation were attributed to fewer pods per plant, while herbicide injury decreased pods per plant (1990) and weight per seed (1990 and 1991)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury decreased pods per plant in soybean in 1990.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- herbicide injurye2
- Outcome
- pods per plante2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- 1990e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e2“Yield reductions from defoliation were attributed to fewer pods per plant, while herbicide injury decreased pods per plant (1990) and weight per seed (1990 and 1991)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury decreased weight per seed in soybean in 1990 and 1991.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- herbicide injurye2
- Outcome
- weight per seede2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- 1990 and 1991e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e2“Yield reductions from defoliation were attributed to fewer pods per plant, while herbicide injury decreased pods per plant (1990) and weight per seed (1990 and 1991)”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide injury and defoliation interacted to decrease soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- herbicide injury and defoliatione3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Qualifier
- interacted over 1990 and 1991e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e3“Moreover, herbicide injury and defoliation interacted over 1990 and 1991 to decrease yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean cyst nematode stress alone never affected soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- stress from soybean cyst nematodee4
- Interactor
- Heterodera glycines
Heterodera glycinese5pest - Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e4“Although stress from soybean cyst nematode alone never affected yield, interactions with herbicides and with defoliation reduced yield in 1990”
e5“soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)”
Claim · model-written summary
Interactions of soybean cyst nematode with herbicides and with defoliation reduced soybean yield in 1990.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- interactions with herbicides and with defoliatione4
- Outcome
- yielde4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- in 1990e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e4“Although stress from soybean cyst nematode alone never affected yield, interactions with herbicides and with defoliation reduced yield in 1990”
Claim · model-written summary
No treatment effects on soybean yield were found in 1989.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- yielde6
- Qualifier
- in 1989, probably due to uncontrolled environmental factorse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e6“No treatment effects on yield were found in 1989, probably due to uncontrolled environmental factors”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower economic injury levels for green cloverworm were developed for soybean treated with acifluorfen plus bentazon.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- acifluorfen plus bentazone7
- Interactor
- Plathypena scabrae2pest
- Outcome
- economic injury levels for green cloverworme7
- Direction
- lowere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e7“lower economic injury levels for green cloverworm were developed for soybean treated with acifluorfen plus bentazon”
e2“green cloverworm [ Plathypena scabra (F.)]”
Claim · model-written summary
Growers should consider adjusting weed and insect management strategies for soybean fields infested with soybean cyst nematode.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- soybean cyst nematodeHeterodera glycinese2pest
- Outcome
- weed and insect management strategiese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“seed yield of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e2“growers will be advised to consider adjusting weed and insect management strategies for soybean fields infested with soybean cyst nematode”
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See all 460 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.