Abstract
The effect of concentration, temperature, and length of treatment with imazalil (IMZ) and thiabendazole (TBZ) was studied with application to citrus fruit. The amount of residues retained by fruit after "home" washing was also monitored. IMZ uptake in citrus fruit was related to treatment duration, whereas TBZ residues was not. Residues of IMZ or TBZ fungicides were significantly correlated with dip temperature (r = 0.943 for IMZ; r = 0.911 for TBZ). Treatment at 50 degrees C produced a deposition approximately 8 and approximately 2.5 times higher than when treatments were carried out at 20 degrees C in IMZ and TBZ, respectively. No significant differences in terms of IMZ deposition were detected after treatments carried out alone or in combination. Uptake of the two fungicides was associated with their physicochemical characteristics as well as different formulation types. IMZ residues showed a great persistence during storage when applied separately, and >83% of active ingredient was present after 9 weeks of storage. IMZ residues increased with dip length, doubling when dip time increased from 0.5 to 3 min. In contrast, TBZ residues did not change with the different dip times. Following postharvest dip treatments of citrus fruit at 20 or 50 degrees C, home washing removed approximately 50% of the IMZ and approximately 90% of the TBZ.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
IMZ uptake was related to dip duration.
CitrusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IMZ uptake in citrus fruit was related to treatment duration”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
TBZ residues were not related to dip duration.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas TBZ residues was not”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
IMZ residues correlated significantly with dip temperature at r = 0.943.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residues of IMZ or TBZ fungicides were significantly correlated with dip temperature (r = 0.943 for IMZ; r = 0.911 for TBZ)”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
TBZ residues correlated significantly with dip temperature at r = 0.911.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residues of IMZ or TBZ fungicides were significantly correlated with dip temperature (r = 0.943 for IMZ; r = 0.911 for TBZ)”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
IMZ deposition at 50 degrees C was about eight times that at 20 degrees C.
- Treatment
- 50 degrees Ce0
- Outcome
- depositione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- approximately 8e0
- Qualifier
- IMZe0
- Comparator
- 20 degrees Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment at 50 degrees C produced a deposition approximately 8 and approximately 2.5 times higher than when treatments were carried out at 20 degrees C in IMZ and TBZ, respectively”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
TBZ deposition at 50 degrees C was about 2.5 times that at 20 degrees C.
- Treatment
- 50 degrees Ce0
- Outcome
- depositione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- approximately 2.5e0
- Qualifier
- TBZe0
- Comparator
- 20 degrees Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment at 50 degrees C produced a deposition approximately 8 and approximately 2.5 times higher than when treatments were carried out at 20 degrees C in IMZ and TBZ, respectively”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
IMZ deposition did not differ significantly between solo and combined treatments.
- Treatment
- IMZe0
- Outcome
- IMZ depositione0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Comparator
- alone or in combinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences in terms of IMZ deposition were detected after treatments carried out alone or in combination”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide uptake was associated with physicochemical characteristics and formulation types.
- Treatment
- different formulation typese0
- Outcome
- Uptake of the two fungicidese0
- Qualifier
- physicochemical characteristicse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Uptake of the two fungicides was associated with their physicochemical characteristics as well as different formulation types”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Over 83% of separately applied IMZ remained after nine weeks of storage.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IMZ residues showed a great persistence during storage when applied separately, and >83% of active ingredient was present after 9 weeks of storage”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
IMZ residues doubled as dip duration rose from 0.5 to 3 minutes.
- Treatment
- dip lengthe0
- Outcome
- IMZ residuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- doublinge0
- Comparator
- 0.5 to 3 mine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IMZ residues increased with dip length, doubling when dip time increased from 0.5 to 3 min”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
TBZ residues did not change with dip duration.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TBZ residues did not change with the different dip times”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Home washing removed about 50% of IMZ from treated fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“home washing removed approximately 50% of the IMZ and approximately 90% of the TBZ”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Home washing removed about 90% of TBZ from treated fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“home washing removed approximately 50% of the IMZ and approximately 90% of the TBZ”
t0“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
t1“Factors Affecting Imazalil and Thiabendazole Uptake and Persistence in Citrus Fruits Following Dip Treatments”
The same questions in other papers
enilconazole · molecular: metabolites · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
processing · molecular: metabolites · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.