Abstract
Abstract The use of high nitrogen (N) inputs is becoming restricted in many countries due to environmental and economic considerations and reliable information is needed about parameters pertinent for breeding N‐use efficient triticales (x Triticosecale Wittmack). This study reports estimates of variances, heritabilities, correlations, and regression for 36 triticales, grown at three locations for 2 years with two N regimes (zero and normal N supply). Eleven traits were assessed. A 45% mean reduction in grain yield by low N input was mainly the result of a 25% lower number of tiller‐bearing spikes per m2 and 17% fewer kernels per spike, whereas 1000‐kernel weight was little affected. Genotype‐nitrogen interaction was of importance only in some environments and for certain traits. Heritability estimates at both N levels were similar and moderate to high. Correlations between N levels were high for nearly all traits. Regression analysis for grain yield revealed only few N‐efficient triticales with lower than unity slope together with a high grain yield. Based on the genetic parameters, it is concluded that a special low input breeding programme does not appear to be necessary in triticale. The breeder can select at either of the N levels with similar response. But he should include tests in low productivity environments at some early stages in the breeding process to avoid loss of genetic variation for N‐use efficiency.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen reduced mean grain yield by 45%.
- Taxon
- triticale
×Triticosecalet0 - Treatment
- low N inpute0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 45%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 45% mean reduction in grain yield by low N input”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen lowered tiller bearing spike number by 25%.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen inputt0
- Outcome
- number of tiller‐bearing spikes per m2e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 25% lower number of tiller‐bearing spikes per m2”
t0“triticale at low nitrogen input”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen reduced kernels per spike by 17%.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen inputt0
- Outcome
- kernels per spikee0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Value
- 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“17% fewer kernels per spike”
t0“triticale at low nitrogen input”
Claim · model-written summary
Thousand kernel weight was little affected by low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen inputt0
- Outcome
- 1000‐kernel weighte0
- Direction
- little affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“1000‐kernel weight was little affected”
t0“triticale at low nitrogen input”
Claim · model-written summary
Genotype by nitrogen interaction mattered only for some environments and traits.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- Genotype‐nitrogen interactione0
- Qualifier
- certain traitse0
- Setting
- some environmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotype‐nitrogen interaction was of importance only in some environments and for certain traits.”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Heritability was similar and moderate to high at both nitrogen levels.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- Heritability estimatese0
- Direction
- similar and moderate to highe0
- Qualifier
- both N levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heritability estimates at both N levels were similar and moderate to high.”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Trait correlations across nitrogen levels were high for nearly all traits.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Treatment
- N levelse0
- Outcome
- Correlations between N levelse0
- Direction
- highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlations between N levels were high for nearly all traits.”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a few high yielding N efficient triticales had regression slopes below one.
- Taxon
- triticales×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- lower than unity slope together with a high grain yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regression analysis for grain yield revealed only few N‐efficient triticales with lower than unity slope together with a high grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
A separate low input breeding programme was judged unnecessary.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalee0
- Outcome
- special low input breeding programme does not appear to be necessarye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a special low input breeding programme does not appear to be necessary in triticale.”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeders can select at either N level with similar response.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- select at either of the N levels with similar responsee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The breeder can select at either of the N levels with similar response.”
t0“triticale”
Claim · model-written summary
Early breeding should include tests in low productivity environments to retain N use efficiency variation.
- Taxon
- triticale×Triticosecalet0
- Outcome
- include tests in low productivity environments at some early stages in the breeding processe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“he should include tests in low productivity environments at some early stages in the breeding process to avoid loss of genetic variation for N‐use efficiency.”
t0“triticale”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · x Triticosecale (triticale)Positive and negative results
5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 48 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
50 papers more in this group
See all 54 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.