Abstract
The effects of a urease inhibitor and crop residues on urea hydrolysis, NH 3 volatilization and silage corn (Zea mays L.) yield were assessed on an Ormstown silty clay loam soil under field conditions. Chopped timothy straw (Phleum pratense L.) was spread on the soil surface at 0 and 4600 kg∙ha −1 . Urea solutions treated with 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.74 kg∙ha −1 of an urease inhibitor phenylphosphorodiamidate (supplied by The Crop Science Laboratory, Allied Corporation, Solvay, N.Y.), and NH 4 NO 3 solutions with no inhibitor were added as dribble bands to the soil surface at 0 and 75.0 kg N∙ha −1 . Urea-N remaining in the soil over a period of 14 days following urea application was measured. The extent of NH 3 volatilization was assessed by capturing and measuring NH 4 –N using plastic cylinders (micro-plots) over a period of 17 days following urea application. Dry matter yield of corn was obtained 114 days after planting. Hydrolysis of urea was relatively rapid and 3–26% of the applied N was hydrolyzed within 2 days following urea application to the soil. The higher rates of inhibitor application (2.0 and 3.74 kg∙ha − ’) tended to reduce urea hydrolysis. The inhibitor rate effect increased with time though not always significantly. More than 50% of the added N was still present as urea after 4 days with some exceptions. At day 8, the amount of N that was present as urea ranged from 4 to 28% for the lower rates and from 20 to 37% for the higher rates of inhibitor applied. Almost all the added urea had disappeared by 14 days. Measured losses of NH 3 by volatilization within 17 days never exceeded 1% of the fertilizer N. Addition of N resulted in 14% increase in dry matter yield of corn. Nitrogen source, crop residues and urease inhibitor had no appreciable effect on crop yield. Key words: Urea-N transformations, urea fertilizer, NH 3 losses, urease activity, straw
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Between 3% and 26% of applied nitrogen was hydrolyzed within two days.
- Taxon
- CORN
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Outcome
- applied N was hydrolyzede0
- Value
- 3–26%e0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“3–26% of the applied N was hydrolyzed within 2 days following urea application to the soil”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher inhibitor rates tended to reduce urea hydrolysis.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- higher rates of inhibitor application (2.0 and 3.74 kg∙ha − ’)e0
- Outcome
- urea hydrolysise0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Qualifier
- tended toe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The higher rates of inhibitor application (2.0 and 3.74 kg∙ha − ’) tended to reduce urea hydrolysis.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
The inhibitor rate effect increased over time, though not consistently significantly.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- inhibitor ratee0
- Outcome
- inhibitor rate effecte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- not always significantlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitor rate effect increased with time though not always significantly.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of added nitrogen remained as urea after four days, with exceptions.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- added N was still present as ureae0
- Value
- More than 50%e0
- Qualifier
- with some exceptionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 50% of the added N was still present as urea after 4 days with some exceptions.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
On day eight, the lower inhibitor rates had 4 to 28% nitrogen present as urea.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- lower ratese0
- Outcome
- amount of N that was present as ureae0
- Value
- 4 to 28%e0
- Qualifier
- At day 8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At day 8, the amount of N that was present as urea ranged from 4 to 28% for the lower rates and from 20 to 37% for the higher rates of inhibitor applied.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
On day eight, the higher inhibitor rates had 20 to 37% nitrogen present as urea.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- higher rates of inhibitore0
- Outcome
- amount of N that was present as ureae0
- Value
- 20 to 37%e0
- Qualifier
- At day 8e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At day 8, the amount of N that was present as urea ranged from 4 to 28% for the lower rates and from 20 to 37% for the higher rates of inhibitor applied.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Nearly all added urea had disappeared by day 14.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- added urea had disappearede0
- Qualifier
- by 14 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Almost all the added urea had disappeared by 14 days.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Measured ammonia volatilization losses within 17 days never exceeded 1% of fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- losses of NH 3 by volatilizatione0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Qualifier
- within 17 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Measured losses of NH 3 by volatilization within 17 days never exceeded 1% of the fertilizer N.”
t0“CORN”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding nitrogen increased corn dry matter yield by 14%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Addition of Ne0
- Outcome
- dry matter yield of corne0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of N resulted in 14% increase in dry matter yield of corn.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen source, crop residues and urease inhibitor had no appreciable effect on corn yield.
- Taxon
- CORNZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen source, crop residues and urease inhibitore0
- Outcome
- crop yielde0
- Direction
- no appreciable effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen source, crop residues and urease inhibitor had no appreciable effect on crop yield.”
t0“CORN”
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