Abstract
The sunflower ( Helianthus annus L.)–soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] intercrop has emerged as an option that increases land productivity in the southern Pampas of Argentina, compared with sole crops, because of complementary use of resources between species. A common management practice for this intercrop consists of delay soybean sowing, although delayed planting reduces the capacity of soybean to capture resources. Simultaneous sowing could improve total intercrop productivity because of an increase in soybean grain yield with no or little detrimental effects on sunflower grain yield. The objectives of this study were to analyze the response of the sunflower–soybean intercrop and of their component species under different sowing management (i.e., relay or simultaneous sowing) and water availability conditions. Three experiments were conducted at Balcarce, Argentina. Four cropping systems were evaluated: (i) sunflower–soybean intercrop with simultaneous sowing management (I00), (ii) sunflower–soybean intercrop with 30 d of delay between sunflower and soybean sowing (I30), (iii) sunflower sole crop (SUN), and (iv) soybean sole crop (SOY). Sunflower–soybean intercrop grain yield tend to be higher than that for sole crops of the component species. This yield advantage for intercrop increased with water availability and was associated with an increase in intercropped soybean productivity. Intercrop sowing management had no effect on total intercrop grain yield. However, simultaneous sowing increased soybean contribution to intercrop yield. Finally, our results indicate that agronomic practices that promote intercropped soybean performance increase intercrop productivity relative to the sole crops of their component species.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Intercrop grain yield tended to exceed the sole crops.
- Taxon
- Sunflower–soybean
Glycine max
Helianthus annuuse0 - Outcome
- intercrop grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sole crops of the component speciese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sunflower–soybean intercrop grain yield tend to be higher than that for sole crops of the component species”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercrop yield advantage increased with water availability.
- Taxon
- Sunflower–SoybeanGlycine maxHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- water availabilitye0
- Outcome
- yield advantage for intercrope0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This yield advantage for intercrop increased with water availability”
t0“Sunflower–Soybean Intercrop Productivity under Different Water Conditions and Sowing Managements”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater intercropped soybean productivity was associated with the yield advantage.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- intercropped soybean productivitye0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- associated withe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was associated with an increase in intercropped soybean productivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing management did not affect total intercrop grain yield.
- Taxon
- Sunflower–SoybeanGlycine maxHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Intercrop sowing managemente0
- Outcome
- total intercrop grain yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercrop sowing management had no effect on total intercrop grain yield”
t0“Sunflower–Soybean Intercrop Productivity under Different Water Conditions and Sowing Managements”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous sowing increased soybean contribution to intercrop yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- simultaneous sowinge0
- Outcome
- soybean contribution to intercrop yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“simultaneous sowing increased soybean contribution to intercrop yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Practices that improve intercropped soybean performance raise intercrop productivity relative to sole crops.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- agronomic practices that promote intercropped soybean performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“agronomic practices that promote intercropped soybean performance increase intercrop productivity relative to the sole crops of their component species”
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