Abstract
Seedlings of Pinus strobus, Quercus phellos, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max were exposed to a simulated sulfuric acid rain (pH 3.2) in the greenhouse or field. Seedlings of Pinus taeda were exposed to rain of pH 1.9 to 6.1. All plants showed yellow or brown necrotic zones at pH 3.2 or lower. Field exposure of white pine for 2 months to 2-4 cm of pH 3.2 rain per week caused browning of all second year needles. The kidney bean leaves developed necrotic spots (1-2 mm) on 15% to 40% of leaf after as little as three 0.6 cm, pH 3.2 rain applications. The soybean and oak developed similar symptoms of equal severity under like treatment. A single (40 minute) application of pH 1.9 to 2.7 rain induced random needle injury on the loblolly pine.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
All tested plants showed yellow or brown necrotic zones at pH 3.2 or lower in simulated sulfuric acid rain.
- Taxon
- Pinus strobus, Quercus phellos, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max
_-_Killarney%2C_Ontario_01.jpg?width=60)
Pinus strobus
Glycine max
Phaseolus vulgaris
Quercus phellose1 - Treatment
- simulated sulfuric acid rain (pH 3.2)e1
- Outcome
- necrotic zonese2
- Setting
- greenhouse or fielde1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Killarney%2C_Ontario_01.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Seedlings of Pinus strobus, Quercus phellos, Phaseolus vulgaris and Glycine max were exposed to a simulated sulfuric acid rain (pH 3.2) in the greenhouse or field”
e2“All plants showed yellow or brown necrotic zones at pH 3.2 or lower”
Claim · model-written summary
Field exposure of white pine to pH 3.2 rain for 2 months caused browning of all second-year needles.
- Taxon
- white pinee1
- Treatment
- 2-4 cm of pH 3.2 rain per weeke1
- Outcome
- browning of all second year needlese1
- Qualifier
- for 2 monthse1
- Setting
- Field exposuree1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e1“Field exposure of white pine for 2 months to 2-4 cm of pH 3.2 rain per week caused browning of all second year needles”
Claim · model-written summary
Kidney bean leaves developed necrotic spots on 15% to 40% of the leaf after three pH 3.2 rain applications.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- three 0.6 cm, pH 3.2 rain applicationse1
- Outcome
- necrotic spotse1
- Value
- 15% to 40%e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The kidney bean leaves developed necrotic spots (1-2 mm) on 15% to 40% of leaf after as little as three 0.6 cm, pH 3.2 rain applications”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean and oak developed similar necrotic symptoms of equal severity under like treatment.
- Taxon
- soybean and oak
QuercusGlycine maxe1 - Treatment
- like treatmente1
- Outcome
- similar symptomse1
- Qualifier
- of equal severitye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“The soybean and oak developed similar symptoms of equal severity under like treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A single pH 1.9 to 2.7 rain application induced random needle injury on loblolly pine.
- Taxon
- loblolly pine
Pinus taedae1 - Organ / stage
- needlee1
- Treatment
- A single (40 minute) application of pH 1.9 to 2.7 raine1
- Outcome
- random needle injurye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“A single (40 minute) application of pH 1.9 to 2.7 rain induced random needle injury on the loblolly pine”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · crop injury · Pinus taeda (loblolly pine)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.