Abstract
Aluminium (Al) toxicity or phosphorus (P) deficiency can induce exudation of organic acids from the roots of some plants, which is believed to be a tolerance mechanism against Al toxicity or P deficiency. In the present study, the effect of P deficiency on Al‐induced citrate exudation was investigated in three soybean varieties differing in low‐P tolerance. P starvation alone failed to induce secretion of organic acids from all three soybean varieties. However, P deficiency altered Al‐induced citrate exudation over time, showing a complex interaction. Short × term P starvation (4 days) produced up to 50% increase in Al‐induced citrate secretion, while longer‐term (10 days) starvation reduced Al‐induced citrate secretion to trace amounts. However, after a further 1 day in complete nutrient solution for recovery, Al‐induced citrate exudation from the recovered roots was approximately 6 times higher than that from the continuously P‐starved plants, but still approximately 3.6 times lower than that from the P‐sufficient control. With increasing P or Al supply, Al‐induced citrate exudation increased, while Al accumulation in soybean roots decreased in parallel with the decrease of P supply. The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were decreased by P deficiency, whereas the intracellular CO 2 concentration was increased. These findings indicate that P nutrition has a significant effect on Al‐induced citrate exudation and Al accumulation in soybean root apices.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
P starvation alone did not induce secretion of organic acids from the three soybean varieties.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- P starvation alonee1
- Outcome
- secretion of organic acidse1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“P starvation alone failed to induce secretion of organic acids from all three soybean varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency altered Al-induced citrate exudation over time, a complex interaction.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye2
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione2
- Direction
- alterede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e2“P deficiency altered Al‐induced citrate exudation over time, showing a complex interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Four days of P starvation increased Al-induced citrate secretion by up to 50%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P starvation (4 days)e3
- Outcome
- citrate secretione3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Value
- up to 50%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e3“Short × term P starvation (4 days) produced up to 50% increase in Al‐induced citrate secretion”
Claim · model-written summary
Ten days of P starvation reduced Al-induced citrate secretion to trace amounts.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- (10 days) starvatione4
- Outcome
- citrate secretione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Value
- trace amountse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e4“while longer‐term (10 days) starvation reduced Al‐induced citrate secretion to trace amounts”
Claim · model-written summary
After 1 day of recovery in complete nutrient solution, Al-induced citrate exudation from roots was about 6 times higher than in continuously P-starved plants.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- complete nutrient solution for recoverye5
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione5
- Direction
- highere5
- Value
- approximately 6 timese5
- Comparator
- continuously P‐starved plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“after a further 1 day in complete nutrient solution for recovery, Al‐induced citrate exudation from the recovered roots was approximately 6 times higher than that from the continuously P‐starved plants, but still approximately 3.6 times lower than that from the P‐sufficient control”
Claim · model-written summary
After recovery, Al-induced citrate exudation remained about 3.6 times lower than in the P-sufficient control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- complete nutrient solution for recoverye5
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- approximately 3.6 timese5
- Comparator
- P‐sufficient controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e5“after a further 1 day in complete nutrient solution for recovery, Al‐induced citrate exudation from the recovered roots was approximately 6 times higher than that from the continuously P‐starved plants, but still approximately 3.6 times lower than that from the P‐sufficient control”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrate exudation increased with increasing P or Al supply.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing P or Al supplye7
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“With increasing P or Al supply, Al‐induced citrate exudation increased, while Al accumulation in soybean roots decreased in parallel with the decrease of P supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Al accumulation in soybean roots decreased in parallel with decreasing P supply.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- decrease of P supplye7
- Outcome
- Al accumulation in soybean rootse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“With increasing P or Al supply, Al‐induced citrate exudation increased, while Al accumulation in soybean roots decreased in parallel with the decrease of P supply”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency decreased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye6
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiratione6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e6“The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were decreased by P deficiency, whereas the intracellular CO 2 concentration was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
P deficiency increased the intracellular CO 2 concentration of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- P deficiencye6
- Outcome
- intracellular CO 2 concentratione6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e6“The photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were decreased by P deficiency, whereas the intracellular CO 2 concentration was increased”
Claim · model-written summary
P nutrition has a significant effect on Al-induced citrate exudation and Al accumulation in soybean root apices.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Organ / stage
- root apicese7
- Treatment
- P nutritione7
- Outcome
- citrate exudatione7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in soybean (Glycine max)”
e7“These findings indicate that P nutrition has a significant effect on Al‐induced citrate exudation and Al accumulation in soybean root apices”
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