Abstract
The effects of ABA treatment on the contents of polyamines (PAs) and proline (Pro) in the glycophyte Phaseolus vulgaris L. during plant adaptation to salt stress were studied. Two-week-old common bean seedlings grown in the phytotron chamber on the Jonson nutrient medium were subjected to salinity for 6 days by one-time NaCl addition to medium up to final concentrations of 50 and 100 mM. During first three days of salinity, the root system was daily treated with ABA (1, 5, 10, or 50 μM) for 30 min. Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA, increased the content of Pro 14-fold, reduced sharply the content of free PAs (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine), and the accumulation of 1,3-diaminopropan, a product of oxidation of high-molecular PAs. Common bean plant treatment with 1 μM ABA weakened the adverse effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl), which was manifested in the maintenance of plant growth, stimulation of chlorophyll ( a and b ) and carotenoid accumulation, a stabilization of water and Na + balance. Seedling treatment with ABA suppressed NaCl-induced Pro and intracellular ABA accumulation and restored the levels of putrescine and spermidine. The content of spermine in the leaves of plants subjected to salt stress and treated with ABA was approximately threefold higher than in control plants, whereas the content of cadaverine increased under similar conditions more than fivefold. Simultaneously, the contents of 1,3-diaminopropan and malondialdehyde as well as activity of superoxide dismutase were reduced, which indicates a weakening of oxidative stress, one of the possible causes of defensive ABA effects against salt stress. In addition, the suppression by exogenous ABA of Pro accumulation and stimulation of PA content under salt stress confirm indirectly our hypothesis that ABA is involved in the coordinated regulation of two biosynthetic pathways, Pro and PA formation, which use a common precursor, glutamate, and play an important protective role during stress in plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress elevated endogenous ABA.
- Taxon
- common bean
Phaseolus vulgarist0 - Treatment
- Salt stress (100 mM NaCl)e0
- Outcome
- level of endogenous ABAe0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress raised proline content 14-fold.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stress (100 mM NaCl)e2
- Outcome
- content of Proe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14-folde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the content of Pro 14-fold”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress reduced free polyamines.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stress (100 mM NaCl)e2
- Outcome
- content of free PAs (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine)e0
- Direction
- reduced sharplye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced sharply the content of free PAs (putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine)”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt stress caused accumulation of 1,3-diaminopropan.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Salt stress (100 mM NaCl)e2
- Outcome
- accumulation of 1,3-diaminopropane0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the accumulation of 1,3-diaminopropan, a product of oxidation of high-molecular PAs”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA under salinity maintained plant growth.
- Taxon
- Common bean plantPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- treatment with 1 μM ABAe0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- maintenancee0
- Qualifier
- salt stress (100 mM NaCl)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Common bean plant treatment with 1 μM ABA weakened the adverse effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl), which was manifested in the maintenance of plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA under salinity stimulated chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll ( a and b ) and carotenoid accumulatione0
- Direction
- stimulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stimulation of chlorophyll ( a and b ) and carotenoid accumulation”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA under salinity stabilized water and sodium balance.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- water and Na + balancee0
- Direction
- stabilizatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a stabilization of water and Na + balance”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA suppressed salt-induced proline and endogenous ABA accumulation.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- treatment with ABAe0
- Outcome
- NaCl-induced Pro and intracellular ABA accumulatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seedling treatment with ABA suppressed NaCl-induced Pro and intracellular ABA accumulation”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA restored putrescine and spermidine levels.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- levels of putrescine and spermidinee0
- Direction
- restorede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“restored the levels of putrescine and spermidine”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-treated salt-stressed leaves had threefold higher spermine than controls.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- treated with ABAe0
- Outcome
- content of sperminee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- approximately threefolde0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The content of spermine in the leaves of plants subjected to salt stress and treated with ABA was approximately threefold higher than in control plants”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadaverine rose more than fivefold under salt stress and ABA.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- content of cadaverinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than fivefolde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the content of cadaverine increased under similar conditions more than fivefold”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA reduced 1,3-diaminopropan and malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity.
- Taxon
- common beanPhaseolus vulgarist0
- Treatment
- ABAe2
- Outcome
- contents of 1,3-diaminopropan and malondialdehyde as well as activity of superoxide dismutasee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the contents of 1,3-diaminopropan and malondialdehyde as well as activity of superoxide dismutase were reduced”
t0“common bean plants under salt stress”
e2“Salt stress (100 mM NaCl) elevated the level of endogenous ABA”
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