Abstract
Ammonia loss significantly reduces the urea-N use efficiency in crop production. Efforts to reduce this problem are mostly laboratory oriented. This paper reports the effects of urea amended with triple superphosphate (TSP) and zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on soil pH, nitrate, exchangeable ammonium, dry matter production, N uptake, fresh cob production, and urea-N uptake efficiency in maize (Zea mays) cultivation on an acid soil in actual field conditions. Urea-amended TSP and zeolite treatments and urea only (urea without additives) did not have long-term effect on soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitrate. Treatments with higher amounts of TSP and zeolite significantly increased the dry matter (stem and leaf) production of Swan (test crop). All the treatments had no significant effect on urea-N concentration in the leaf and stem of the test crop. In terms of urea-N uptake in the leaf and stem tissues of Swan, only the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolite significantly increased urea-N uptake in the leaf of the test crop. Irrespective of treatment, fresh cob production was statistically not different. However, all the treatments with additives improved urea-N uptake efficiency compared to urea without additives or amendment. This suggests that urea amended with TSP and zeolite has a potential of reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Urea amendments had no long-term effect on soil pH or exchangeable ammonium and nitrate accumulation.
- Treatment
- Urea-amended TSP and zeolite treatmentse0
- Outcome
- soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitratee0
- Direction
- did not have long-term effecte0
- Comparator
- urea only (urea without additives)e0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea-amended TSP and zeolite treatments and urea only (urea without additives) did not have long-term effect on soil pH and accumulation of soil exchangeable ammonium and nitrate.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher TSP and zeolite rates significantly increased stem and leaf dry matter.
- Material
- Swane0
- Treatment
- higher amounts of TSP and zeolitee0
- Outcome
- dry matter (stem and leaf) productione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatments with higher amounts of TSP and zeolite significantly increased the dry matter (stem and leaf) production of Swan (test crop).”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatments did not significantly change leaf or stem urea-N concentration.
- Treatment
- All the treatmentse0
- Outcome
- urea-N concentration in the leaf and steme0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the treatments had no significant effect on urea-N concentration in the leaf and stem of the test crop.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Only the highest TSP and zeolite treatment significantly increased leaf urea-N uptake.
- Treatment
- the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolitee0
- Outcome
- urea-N uptake in the leafe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only the treatment with the highest amount of TSP and zeolite significantly increased urea-N uptake in the leaf of the test crop.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh cob production did not differ statistically across treatments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of treatment, fresh cob production was statistically not different.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
All amended treatments improved urea-N uptake efficiency over urea alone.
- Treatment
- treatments with additivese0
- Outcome
- urea-N uptake efficiencye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- urea without additives or amendmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the treatments with additives improved urea-N uptake efficiency compared to urea without additives or amendment.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggested TSP and zeolite amended urea could reduce ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.
- Outcome
- reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suggests that urea amended with TSP and zeolite has a potential of reducing ammonia loss from surface-applied urea.”
t0“Maize (Zea mays)”
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