Abstract
The effect of simultaneous stresses from European corn borer, Ostrtnia nubilalis (Hübner), tunneling and drought stress on corn, Zea mays L., yield was evaluated in a 2-yr field study. Physiological yield losses (i.e., potential yield that was not produced) and potential harvest yield losses (i.e., yield loss from stalk breakage) were both evaluated. European corn borer larvae were manually infested in the plants at corn pollen shed. Physiological yield losses up to 59.1% occurred in plants grown with slight irrigation (5% of full irrigation amount) compared with fully irrigated plants. An infestation of five larvae per plant (corresponding to 3.25 cavities per plant) reduced the corn yield across the irrigation gradient by an average of 18.8 and 13.3% in 1987 and 1988, respectively, compared with undamaged plants. Under conditions of severe drought stress, the percentage yield loss per larva generally increased as the soil moisture level decreased. In 1987, plants grown in soils near the field capacity moisture level suffered a 3.1% loss per larva, compared with a 7.1% loss in plants grown in dry soils (slightly over the permanent wilting point). Yield losses from larval tunneling were primarily caused by a reduction in kernel size rather than a reduction in kernels per ear. Drought stress frequently reduced both kernels per ear and kernel density. In addition, European corn borer tunneling resulted in a 9.3% yield loss from unharvestable ears.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Slight irrigation produced up to 59.1% physiological yield loss relative to full irrigation.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- slight irrigation (5% of full irrigation amount)e0
- Outcome
- Physiological yield lossese0
- Direction
- lossese0
- Value
- 59.1%e0
- Comparator
- fully irrigated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Physiological yield losses up to 59.1% occurred in plants grown with slight irrigation (5% of full irrigation amount) compared with fully irrigated plants.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Five borer larvae per plant reduced yield by 18.8% in 1987.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- infestation of five larvae per plante0
- Interactor
- European corn borer
Ostrinia nubilalist0pest - Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18.8e0
- Qualifier
- in 1987e0
- Comparator
- undamaged plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An infestation of five larvae per plant (corresponding to 3.25 cavities per plant) reduced the corn yield across the irrigation gradient by an average of 18.8 and 13.3% in 1987 and 1988, respectively, compared with undamaged plants.”
t0“European Corn Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Five borer larvae per plant reduced yield by 13.3% in 1988.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- infestation of five larvae per plante0
- Interactor
- European Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalist0pest
- Outcome
- corn yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 13.3%e0
- Qualifier
- 1988e0
- Comparator
- undamaged plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An infestation of five larvae per plant (corresponding to 3.25 cavities per plant) reduced the corn yield across the irrigation gradient by an average of 18.8 and 13.3% in 1987 and 1988, respectively, compared with undamaged plants.”
t0“European Corn Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield loss per larva generally rose as moisture declined under severe drought.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- severe drought stresse0
- Interactor
- European Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalist0pest
- Outcome
- percentage yield loss per larvae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under conditions of severe drought stress, the percentage yield loss per larva generally increased as the soil moisture level decreased.”
t0“European Corn Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield loss was 3.1% per larva near field capacity.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- European Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalist0pest
- Outcome
- loss per larvae0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 3.1%e0
- Qualifier
- near the field capacity moisture levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1987, plants grown in soils near the field capacity moisture level suffered a 3.1% loss per larva, compared with a 7.1% loss in plants grown in dry soils (slightly over the permanent wilting point).”
t0“European Corn Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield loss was 7.1% per larva in dry soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- European Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalist0pest
- Outcome
- loss in plants grown in dry soilse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 7.1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1987, plants grown in soils near the field capacity moisture level suffered a 3.1% loss per larva, compared with a 7.1% loss in plants grown in dry soils (slightly over the permanent wilting point).”
t0“European Corn Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval tunneling reduced kernel size, the primary source of yield loss.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- European Corn BorerOstrinia nubilalist0pest
- Outcome
- Yield losses from larval tunnelinge0
- Qualifier
- reduction in kernel sizee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield losses from larval tunneling were primarily caused by a reduction in kernel size rather than a reduction in kernels per ear.”
t0“European Corn Borer”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought frequently reduced kernels per ear and kernel density.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- Drought stresse0
- Outcome
- kernels per ear and kernel densitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought stress frequently reduced both kernels per ear and kernel density.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Borer tunneling caused 9.3% yield loss from unharvestable ears.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- European corn borer tunnelinge0
- Interactor
- European corn borerOstrinia nubilalise0pest
- Outcome
- yield loss from unharvestable earse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Value
- 9.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“European corn borer tunneling resulted in a 9.3% yield loss from unharvestable ears.”
t0“Corn Yield”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.