Abstract
Different recurrent selection methods have been used for the improvement of traits in maize ( Zea mays L.). The relative performance of nine strains of Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (BSSSCO) derived different methods of recurrent selection for different traits were determined by evaluating strains per se, diallel crosses among strains, and S l generations of strains and strain crosses. Objectives were to determine selection. induced differences among the nine strains and the direct and indirect effects of selection for yield, grain moisture, root and stalk lodging, and dropped ears. Replicated field trials were conducted in six environments. BS13(S)C2 had the highest yield per se (7.83 Mg ha ‐1 ) and the highest yielding $1 generation (5.82 Mg ha ‐1 ). Inbreeding depression for yield was less for the highly selected strains and for crosses involving those strains. Selection for resistance to European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) did not significantly affect yield, but selection for resistance to corn rootworm ( Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte) did have a significant negative correlated effect on grain yield. Changes in frequency of additive effects due to selection for yield improvement were more important for BSI3(S)C2 (seven cycles half‐sib and two cycles S 2 selection) than for BSSS(R)C8 (eight cycles reciprocal recurrent selection). Greater changes were observed in frequency of alleles with dominance effects in BSSS(R)C8 than in BS13(S)C2. After removal the effects of drift, rate of realized gain per cycle was 0.279 Mg ha ‐1 (4.4%) for BS13(S)C2 and 0.259 Mg ha ‐1 (4.1%) for BSSS(R)C8. Yield of the 36 strain crosses ranged from 6.10 Mg ha ‐1 for BSSSCO ✕ BSSS(RW)C2 to 9.37 Mg ha ‐1 for BSSS(R)C8 ✕ BS13(S)C2. Average midparent heterosis for yield was 11.7%. Yield differences among strains and level of heterosis expressed in crosses suggested selection‐induced genetic diversity among strains of BSSSCO.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Strain BS13(S)C2 had the highest yield per se, 7.83 Mg/ha.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e0“BS13(S)C2 had the highest yield per se (7.83 Mg ha ‐1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Strain BS13(S)C2 had the highest yielding $1 generation, 5.82 Mg/ha.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e1“the highest yielding $1 generation (5.82 Mg ha ‐1 )”
e0“BS13(S)C2 had the highest yield per se (7.83 Mg ha ‐1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Inbreeding depression for yield was less for highly selected strains and crosses involving them.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e2“Inbreeding depression for yield was less for the highly selected strains and for crosses involving those strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection for resistance to European corn borer did not significantly affect yield.
- Treatment
- Selection for resistance to European corn borere3
- Interactor
- Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner
Ostrinia nubilalise3pest - Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e3“Selection for resistance to European corn borer ( Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) did not significantly affect yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection for resistance to corn rootworm had a significant negative correlated effect on grain yield.
- Treatment
- Selection for resistance to corn rootworme4
- Interactor
- Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte
Diabrotica virgiferae4pest - Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e4“Selection for resistance to corn rootworm ( Diabrotica virgifera Le Conte) did have a significant negative correlated effect on grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in frequency of additive effects from yield selection were more important for BSI3(S)C2 than for BSSS(R)C8.
- Material
- BSI3(S)C2e5
- Outcome
- Changes in frequency of additive effectse5
- Direction
- more importante5
- Comparator
- BSSS(R)C8e6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e5“Changes in frequency of additive effects due to selection for yield improvement were more important for BSI3(S)C2”
e6“than for BSSS(R)C8 (eight cycles reciprocal recurrent selection)”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in frequency of alleles with dominance effects were greater in BSSS(R)C8 than in BS13(S)C2.
- Material
- BSSS(R)C8e7
- Outcome
- frequency of alleles with dominance effectse7
- Direction
- Greatere7
- Comparator
- BS13(S)C2e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e7“Greater changes were observed in frequency of alleles with dominance effects in BSSS(R)C8 than in BS13(S)C2”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate of realized gain per cycle was 0.279 Mg/ha (4.4%) for BS13(S)C2 after removal of drift.
- Material
- BS13(S)C2e1
- Outcome
- rate of realized gain per cyclee1
- Value
- 0.279 Mg ha ‐1 (4.4%)e1
- Qualifier
- After removal the effects of drifte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e1“After removal the effects of drift, rate of realized gain per cycle was 0.279 Mg ha ‐1 (4.4%) for BS13(S)C2 and 0.259 Mg ha ‐1 (4.1%) for BSSS(R)C8”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate of realized gain per cycle was 0.259 Mg/ha (4.1%) for BSSS(R)C8 after removal of drift.
- Material
- BSSS(R)C8e1
- Outcome
- rate of realized gain per cyclee1
- Value
- 0.259 Mg ha ‐1 (4.1%)e1
- Qualifier
- After removal the effects of drifte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e1“After removal the effects of drift, rate of realized gain per cycle was 0.279 Mg ha ‐1 (4.4%) for BS13(S)C2 and 0.259 Mg ha ‐1 (4.1%) for BSSS(R)C8”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield of the 36 strain crosses ranged from 6.10 Mg/ha to 9.37 Mg/ha.
- Outcome
- Yield of the 36 strain crossese2
- Value
- 6.10 Mg ha ‐1e2
- Qualifier
- to 9.37 Mg ha ‐1 for BSSS(R)C8e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e2“Yield of the 36 strain crosses ranged from 6.10 Mg ha ‐1”
e3“to 9.37 Mg ha ‐1 for BSSS(R)C8”
Claim · model-written summary
Average midparent heterosis for yield was 11.7% in strain crosses.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Iowa Stiff Stalks Synthetic Maize”
e4“Average midparent heterosis for yield was 11.7%”
The same questions in other papers
Zea mays subsp. mays · Diabrotica virgifera · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Ostrinia nubilalis · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.