Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Louisiana and Mississippi to evaluate ammonia volatilization loss and subsequent effects on apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) and grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.). A semi‐open static chamber approach was used to measure ammonia volatilization loss from multiple N sources applied 10 days before flood (dbf) at the rate of 168 kg N ha −1 . Cumulative ammonia volatilization losses for urea for Louisiana environments were 19 and 33% compared to 7% for both Mississippi environments. Urea + [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (NBPT), urea + NBPT + dicyandiamide (DCD), and ammonium sulfate (AS) all minimized volatilization losses over all environments (range of 1.9–4.9%). Additionally, ammonia volatilization data fitted to the Gompertz model demonstrated that urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD had longer lag phases (7.2–7.7 d) relative to urea, AS, and urea + ammonium sulfate (UAS) blend (3.6 d). The same N sources and rate of N was applied 10, 7, 4, and 1 dbf to determine the effects on ANRE and yield. Apparent N recovery efficiency ranged from 43 to 71%. Grain yield was influenced by application time for two environments. Nitrogen application 10 dbf resulted in the least grain yield and yields tended to increase with fewer days between application and permanent flood. In Louisiana, urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD resulted in yields greater than urea alone. Where volatilization potential is substantial, NBPT should be included with the urea application to protect yield potential.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Cumulative ammonia volatilization loss from urea was higher in Louisiana environments (19 and 33%) than in Mississippi environments (7%)
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- ureae1
- Outcome
- Cumulative ammonia volatilization lossese1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 19 and 33%e1
- Comparator
- both Mississippi environmentse1
- Setting
- Louisiana environmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Cumulative ammonia volatilization losses for urea for Louisiana environments were 19 and 33% compared to 7% for both Mississippi environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea + NBPT minimized volatilization losses over all environments (1.9–4.9%)
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Urea + [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (NBPT)e2
- Outcome
- volatilization lossese2
- Direction
- minimizede2
- Value
- 1.9–4.9%e2
- Setting
- all environmentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“Urea + [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (NBPT), urea + NBPT + dicyandiamide (DCD), and ammonium sulfate (AS) all minimized volatilization losses over all environments (range of 1.9–4.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea + NBPT + DCD minimized volatilization losses over all environments (1.9–4.9%)
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- urea + NBPT + dicyandiamide (DCD)e2
- Outcome
- volatilization lossese2
- Direction
- minimizede2
- Value
- 1.9–4.9%e2
- Setting
- all environmentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“Urea + [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (NBPT), urea + NBPT + dicyandiamide (DCD), and ammonium sulfate (AS) all minimized volatilization losses over all environments (range of 1.9–4.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulfate minimized volatilization losses over all environments (1.9–4.9%)
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ammonium sulfate (AS)e2
- Outcome
- volatilization lossese2
- Direction
- minimizede2
- Value
- 1.9–4.9%e2
- Setting
- all environmentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“Urea + [N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] (NBPT), urea + NBPT + dicyandiamide (DCD), and ammonium sulfate (AS) all minimized volatilization losses over all environments (range of 1.9–4.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Apparent N recovery efficiency ranged from 43 to 71%
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Apparent N recovery efficiencye3
- Value
- 43 to 71%e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e3“Apparent N recovery efficiency ranged from 43 to 71%”
Claim · model-written summary
Application time affected grain yield in two environments
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- application timee4
- Outcome
- grain yielde4
- Setting
- two environmentse4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e4“Grain yield was influenced by application time for two environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application 10 days before flood resulted in the least grain yield
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen application 10 dbfe5
- Outcome
- grain yielde5
- Direction
- leaste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e5“Nitrogen application 10 dbf resulted in the least grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield tended to increase with fewer days between N application and permanent flood
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- fewer days between application and permanent floode6
- Outcome
- yieldse6
- Direction
- increasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e6“yields tended to increase with fewer days between application and permanent flood”
Claim · model-written summary
In Louisiana, urea + NBPT resulted in yields greater than urea alone
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- urea + NBPTe7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- urea alonee7
- Setting
- Louisianae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e7“In Louisiana, urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD resulted in yields greater than urea alone”
Claim · model-written summary
In Louisiana, urea + NBPT + DCD resulted in yields greater than urea alone
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- urea + NBPT + DCDe7
- Outcome
- yieldse7
- Direction
- greatere7
- Comparator
- urea alonee7
- Setting
- Louisianae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e7“In Louisiana, urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD resulted in yields greater than urea alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea + NBPT lengthened the ammonia volatilization lag phase to 7.2–7.7 days relative to urea, AS and urea + UAS blend
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- urea + NBPTe1
- Outcome
- lag phasese1
- Direction
- longere1
- Value
- 7.2–7.7 de1
- Comparator
- urea, AS, and urea + ammonium sulfate (UAS) blende1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD had longer lag phases (7.2–7.7 d) relative to urea, AS, and urea + ammonium sulfate (UAS) blend (3.6 d)”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea + NBPT + DCD lengthened the ammonia volatilization lag phase to 7.2–7.7 days relative to urea, AS and urea + UAS blend
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- urea + NBPT + DCDe1
- Outcome
- lag phasese1
- Direction
- longere1
- Value
- 7.2–7.7 de1
- Comparator
- urea, AS, and urea + ammonium sulfate (UAS) blende1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“urea + NBPT and urea + NBPT + DCD had longer lag phases (7.2–7.7 d) relative to urea, AS, and urea + ammonium sulfate (UAS) blend (3.6 d)”
Claim · model-written summary
NBPT should be included with urea application where volatilization potential is substantial, to protect yield potential
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- NBPT should be included with the urea applicatione1
- Qualifier
- Where volatilization potential is substantiale1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield for rice ( Oryza sativa L.)”
e1“Where volatilization potential is substantial, NBPT should be included with the urea application to protect yield potential”
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