Abstract
During December 1999, root and stem rot was observed on greenhouse-grown cucumber (cvs. Albatros, Brunex, Acapulco, and Cerrucho) plants in Almería, Spain, using rock wool cultures. The disease caused severe damage, estimated at a loss of up to 75% of the plants, in the first greenhouse affected; afterward, the disease was found in eight additional greenhouses (14 ha) in 1999 and 2000. Stem lesions extended up to 10 to 12 cm above the crown in mature plants, although no fruit damage was observed. In the advanced stages, abundant development of orange sporodochia was evident on crown and stem lesions, without vascular discoloration. Root, crown, and stem pieces that were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after surface-disinfection with 5% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed, and dried resulted in pure fungal colonies. Based on morphological characteristics of conidia, phialides, and chlamydospores from the isolations, the fungus was identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.:Fr. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on cucumber (cvs. Marketmore 76 and Cerrucho [F1 hybrid]), melon (cvs. Amarillo oro, Perlita, Piboule, Tania, and Nipper [F1]), watermelon (cvs. Sugar Baby, Sweet Marvel, Jubilee, and Pata Negra and hybrid Crimson sweet), Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata, zucchini (cv. Senator), and loofah (Luffa aegyptiaca) at several stages: (i) pregermination; (ii) 1 or 2 true leaves; and (iii) more than 10 true leaves. Five fungal isolates were grown on PDA or shaken potato dextrose broth at 25°C for 8 days. Inoculation was performed in pots (10 seeds or plants of each cultivar or hybrid and isolate) by drenching with 100 ml of a fungal suspension (10 4 to 10 6 CFU/ml). Sterile water was applied to noninoculated control plants. Tests were repeated in growth chambers at 25°C (night) and 28°C (day) with a 16-h photoperiod. Fifteen to fifty days after inoculation, cucumber and melon plants at all three stages developed symptoms of root and crown rot in 100% of inoculated plants, with no observed vascular discoloration. Fifty days after inoculation, all three stages of C. maxima × C. moschata and zucchini remained symptomless. Loofah and watermelon germinated poorly or not at all when inoculated at the pregermination stage. Fifteen to fifty days after inoculation, 100% of inoculated cucumber and melon plants developed symptoms. Watermelon plants inoculated at the 10 or more true-leaf stage did not develop disease symptoms. No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants. F. oxysporum was reisolated from infected roots, crowns, and stems of inoculated plants, confirming Koch's postulates. The main symptoms on cucumber infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum are wilt, yellowing, and vascular discoloration. In contrast, based on inoculation of the host differentials and the resulting disease symptoms found in this study, the fungus was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum causing root and crown rot in cucumber in Spain. Reference: (1) D. J. Vakalounakis. Plant Dis. 80:313, 1996.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Root and stem rot damaged up to 75% of cucumber plants in the first greenhouse.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Outcome
- root and stem rote0
- Value
- up to 75%e1
- Setting
- Almería, Spaine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root and stem rot was observed on greenhouse-grown cucumber (cvs. Albatros, Brunex, Acapulco, and Cerrucho) plants in Almería, Spain”
e1“loss of up to 75% of the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The disease occurred in eight additional greenhouses covering 14 ha.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- disease was founde0
- Value
- eight additional greenhouses (14 ha)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“the disease was found in eight additional greenhouses (14 ha) in 1999 and 2000”
Claim · model-written summary
Stem lesions extended 10 to 12 cm above the crown without fruit damage.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Organ / stage
- mature plantse0
- Outcome
- Stem lesionse0
- Value
- 10 to 12 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber”
e0“Stem lesions extended up to 10 to 12 cm above the crown in mature plants, although no fruit damage was observed”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cucumber plants at all tested stages developed root and crown rot.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- symptoms of root and crown rote0
- Direction
- developede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- noninoculated control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cucumber and melon plants at all three stages developed symptoms of root and crown rot in 100% of inoculated plants”
e1“No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated melon plants at all tested stages developed root and crown rot.
- Taxon
- melon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe0 - Treatment
- inoculatede0
- Outcome
- symptoms of root and crown rote0
- Direction
- developede0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Comparator
- noninoculated control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“cucumber and melon plants at all three stages developed symptoms of root and crown rot in 100% of inoculated plants”
e1“No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated C. maxima × C. moschata plants remained symptomless.
- Taxon
- C. maxima × C. moschata
Cucurbita maximae0 - Treatment
- Inoculatione2
- Outcome
- symptomlesse0
- Comparator
- noninoculated control plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all three stages of C. maxima × C. moschata and zucchini remained symptomless”
e1“No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants”
e2“Inoculation was performed in pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated zucchini plants remained symptomless.
- Taxon
- zucchini
Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepoe0 - Treatment
- Inoculatione2
- Outcome
- symptomlesse0
- Comparator
- noninoculated control plantse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all three stages of C. maxima × C. moschata and zucchini remained symptomless”
e1“No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants”
e2“Inoculation was performed in pots”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated loofah seeds germinated poorly or not at all.
Verbatim
e0“Loofah and watermelon germinated poorly or not at all when inoculated at the pregermination stage”
e1“No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated watermelon seeds germinated poorly or not at all.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- inoculated at the pregermination stagee0
- Outcome
- germinated poorly or not at alle0
- Direction
- poorly or not at alle0
- Comparator
- noninoculated control plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Loofah and watermelon germinated poorly or not at all when inoculated at the pregermination stage”
e1“No symptoms developed on noninoculated control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon plants inoculated at ten or more true leaves showed no disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- 10 or more true-leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- did not develop disease symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Watermelon plants inoculated at the 10 or more true-leaf stage did not develop disease symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
The fungus was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum causing cucumber root and crown rot in Spain.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinume0pathogen - Outcome
- root and crown rote1
- Setting
- Spaine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum on Cucumber in Spain”
e0“the fungus was identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum”
e1“causing root and crown rot in cucumber in Spain”
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