Abstract
Abstract Among energy crops, short‐rotation coppices (SRC) are recommended to provide renewable energy. Compared to annual crops, willows and poplars are regarded as plants with low requirements for nutrients, herbicides, pesticides, and soil maintenance. However, only little is known about N‐fertilizer effects on SRC and the few studies are even inconsistent. Therefore, we studied the effects of N on yields of willows and poplars in a field experiment. The effects of N fertilization on nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions from the loamy‐sand soil were also measured. Cuttings of willows ( Salix viminalis clone Inger) and poplars ( Populus maximovizcii × P. nigra clone max 4) were planted on farmland in 2008. The experiment was arranged in a random block design with three levels of N fertilizer (0, 50, and 75 kg N ha –1 y –1 ). After 2 y, the trees were harvested for the first time. Fertilization did not affect the yields of willows or poplars. However, the application of 75 kg N ha –1 y –1 caused an average increase of N leaching in the willow and poplar plots of 25 kg N ha –1 y –1 and 40 kg N ha –1 y –1 , respectively. Emissions of N 2 O were increased by a maximum of only 0.2 kg N ha –1 y –1 . Further, the N fertilizer stimulated the growth of the weed biomass in case of the willow plots by 46% and of the weed N content by 52% ( r = 0.53). In conclusion, in the first 2 y, SRC could be produced in a more effective and environmentally friendly manner without mineral fertilizer.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization did not affect willows yield.
SalixNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization did not affect the yields of willows or poplars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization did not affect poplars yield.
PopulusNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fertilization did not affect the yields of willows or poplars.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 75 kg N ha –1 y –1 increased leaching in willow plots by 25 kg N ha –1 y –1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of 75 kg N ha –1 y –1 caused an average increase of N leaching in the willow and poplar plots of 25 kg N ha –1 y –1 and 40 kg N ha –1 y –1 , respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen at 75 kg N ha –1 y –1 increased leaching in poplar plots by 40 kg N ha –1 y –1.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, the application of 75 kg N ha –1 y –1 caused an average increase of N leaching in the willow and poplar plots of 25 kg N ha –1 y –1 and 40 kg N ha –1 y –1 , respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization increased nitrous oxide emissions by at most 0.2 kg N ha –1 y –1.
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emissions of N 2 O were increased by a maximum of only 0.2 kg N ha –1 y –1 .”
t0“willows and poplars”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased weed biomass in willow plots by 46%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the N fertilizer stimulated the growth of the weed biomass in case of the willow plots by 46% and of the weed N content by 52% ( r = 0.53).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased weed N content in willow plots by 52%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Further, the N fertilizer stimulated the growth of the weed biomass in case of the willow plots by 46% and of the weed N content by 52% ( r = 0.53).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend producing short-rotation coppice without mineral fertilizer during the first two years.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, in the first 2 y, SRC could be produced in a more effective and environmentally friendly manner without mineral fertilizer.”
t0“willows and poplars”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · yield · Salix (willows)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →fertilization · yield · Populus (poplar)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →nitrogen · environment: emissions · Salix (willows)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
nitrogen · environment: emissions · Populus (poplar)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.