Abstract
Abstract We studied the effect of two commonly used fungicides on the epiphytic yeast community of strawberry. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted applying Switch (cyprodinil plus fludioxonil) or Signum (boscalid plus pyraclostrobin) to strawberry plants. Yeasts on leaves and fruits were assessed on treated and untreated plants at several time points via plating and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ( DGGE ) analysis. The yeast counts on plates of the treated plants were similar to the control plants. Unripe fruits had 10 times larger yeast concentrations than ripe fruits or leaves. Some dominant yeast types were isolated and in vitro tests showed that they were at least 10 times less sensitive to Switch and Signum as compared with two important fungal strawberry pathogens B otrytis cinerea and C olletotrichum acutatum , which are the targets for the fungicide control. DGGE analysis showed that the applied fungicides had no effect on the composition of the yeast communities, while the growing system, strawberry tissue, and sampling time did affect the yeast communities. The yeast species most commonly identified were C ryptococcus, R hodotorula, and S porobolomyces . These results point toward the potential applicability of natural occurring yeast antagonists into an integrated disease control strategy for strawberry diseases.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide-treated strawberry plants had yeast counts similar to controls.
- Treatment
- treated plantse0
- Outcome
- yeast counts on platese0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The yeast counts on plates of the treated plants were similar to the control plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Unripe fruits had tenfold greater yeast concentrations than ripe fruits or leaves.
- Organ / stage
- Unripe fruitse0
- Outcome
- yeast concentrationse0
- Direction
- largere0
- Value
- 10 timese0
- Comparator
- ripe fruits or leavese0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Unripe fruits had 10 times larger yeast concentrations than ripe fruits or leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominant yeast types were at least tenfold less sensitive to Switch and Signum than two strawberry fungal pathogens.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Outcome
- less sensitive to Switch and Signume0
- Direction
- less sensitivee0
- Value
- at least 10 timese0
- Comparator
- B otrytis cinerea and C olletotrichum acutatume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“they were at least 10 times less sensitive to Switch and Signum as compared with two important fungal strawberry pathogens B otrytis cinerea and C olletotrichum acutatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied fungicides did not change yeast community composition.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the applied fungicides had no effect on the composition of the yeast communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Growing system, strawberry tissue and sampling time affected yeast communities.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- strawberry tissuee0
- Outcome
- yeast communitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growing system, strawberry tissue, and sampling time did affect the yeast communities”
Claim · model-written summary
Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces were the most commonly identified yeasts.
- Outcome
- yeast species most commonly identifiede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The yeast species most commonly identified were C ryptococcus, R hodotorula, and S porobolomyces”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose naturally occurring yeast antagonists for integrated strawberry disease control.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Outcome
- natural occurring yeast antagonists into an integrated disease control strategye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“potential applicability of natural occurring yeast antagonists into an integrated disease control strategy for strawberry diseases”
The same questions in other papers
fungicide · quality: general · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Positive and negative results
2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.