Abstract
Several different D-type cyclins can be found in plants and in maize, four of these have been characterized: CycD2;1, CycD4;1, CycD5;1 and CycD5;2. These cyclins appear to form complexes with Cdks, with PCNA and also with KRP proteins and in these kinase activity can be measured. The expression of the corresponding genes during maize germination is highly stimulated by phytohormones like auxin and cytokinin, however this is not followed by an equivalent increase in the amount of the corresponding proteins; nonetheless, auxins do stimulate the associated kinase activity, particularly at early germination times. Thus, auxins appear to stimulate the cell cycle during germination at two levels, transcription and kinase activation. Both auxins and cytokinins appear to shorten the G1 phase during germination and stimulate DNA synthesis, but apparently they do it in different ways as the simultaneous addition of both to germinating maize axes eliminates DNA synthesis stimulation. Therefore, similar actions may be achieved by different paths.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Four D-type cyclins were characterized in maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in maize, four of these have been characterized: CycD2;1, CycD4;1, CycD5;1 and CycD5;2.”
Claim · model-written summary
D-type cyclins appear to complex with Cdks, PCNA and KRP proteins and show kinase activity.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“These cyclins appear to form complexes with Cdks, with PCNA and also with KRP proteins and in these kinase activity can be measured.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormones strongly stimulate expression of cyclin genes during maize germination.
- Treatment
- phytohormones like auxin and cytokinine0
- Outcome
- expression of the corresponding genese0
- Direction
- highly stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the corresponding genes during maize germination is highly stimulated by phytohormones like auxin and cytokinin”
Claim · model-written summary
Phytohormone-stimulated cyclin gene expression did not yield an equivalent protein increase.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“this is not followed by an equivalent increase in the amount of the corresponding proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins stimulate associated kinase activity, particularly early in germination.
- Treatment
- auxinse0
- Outcome
- associated kinase activitye0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
- Qualifier
- particularly at early germination timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“auxins do stimulate the associated kinase activity, particularly at early germination times.”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins and cytokinins each appear to shorten G1 during maize germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Both auxins and cytokinins appear to shorten the G1 phase during germination and stimulate DNA synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxins and cytokinins each appear to stimulate DNA synthesis during germination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“Both auxins and cytokinins appear to shorten the G1 phase during germination and stimulate DNA synthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous auxin and cytokinin addition eliminates stimulation of DNA synthesis.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“maize”
e0“the simultaneous addition of both to germinating maize axes eliminates DNA synthesis stimulation.”
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See all 18 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.