Abstract
We have isolated two genes from Zea mays encoding proteins of 82 and 81 kD that are highly homologous to the Drosophila 83-kD heat shock protein gene and have analyzed the structure and pattern of expression of these two genes during heat shock and development. Southern blot analysis and hybrid select translations indicate that the highly homologous hsp82 and hsp81 genes are members of a small multigene family composed of at least two and perhaps three or more gene family members. The deduced amino acid sequence of these proteins based on the nucleotide sequence of the coding regions shows 64-88% amino acid homology to other hsp90 family genes from human, yeast, Drosophila, and Arabidopsis. The promoter regions of both the hsp82 and hsp81 genes contain several heat shock elements (HSEs), which are putative binding sites for heat shock transcription factor (HSF) commonly found in the promoters of other heat shock genes. Gene-specific oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and used to examine the mRNA expression patterns of the hsp81 and hsp82 genes during heat shock, embryogenesis, and pollen development. The hsp81 gene is only mildly heat inducible in leaf tissue, but is strongly expressed in the absence of heat shock during the pre-meiotic and meiotic prophase stages of pollen development and in embryos, as well as in heat-shocked embryos and tassels. The hsp82 gene shows strong heat inducibility at heat-shock temperatures (37-42 degrees C) and in heat shocked embryos and tassels but is only weakly expressed in the absence of heat shock. Promoter-GUS reporter gene fusions made and analyzed by transient expression assays in Black Mexican Sweet (BMS) Maize protoplasts also indicate that the hsp82 and hsp81 are regulated differentially. The hsp82 promoter confers strong heat-inducible expression of the GUS reporter gene in heat-treated cells (60- to 80-fold over control levels), whereas the hsp81 promoter is only weakly heat inducible (5- to 10-fold over control levels).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
hsp82 and hsp81 belong to a small multigene family.
- Gene
- hsp82 and hsp81e0
- Outcome
- small multigene family composed of at least two and perhaps three or more gene family memberse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highly homologous hsp82 and hsp81 genes are members of a small multigene family composed of at least two and perhaps three or more gene family members”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
The deduced proteins showed 64-88% amino acid homology with other hsp90 genes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shows 64-88% amino acid homology to other hsp90 family genes”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Both promoters contain heat shock elements.
Not reportedOrgan / stageDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The promoter regions of both the hsp82 and hsp81 genes contain several heat shock elements (HSEs)”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
hsp81 was mildly heat inducible in leaves.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hsp81 gene is only mildly heat inducible in leaf tissue”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
hsp81 was strongly expressed without heat shock in developing pollen and embryos.
- Organ / stage
- pre-meiotic and meiotic prophase stages of pollen development and in embryose0
- Gene
- hsp81e0
- Outcome
- strongly expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hsp81 gene is only mildly heat inducible in leaf tissue, but is strongly expressed in the absence of heat shock during the pre-meiotic and meiotic prophase stages of pollen development and in embryos”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
hsp82 was strongly heat inducible and weakly expressed without heat shock.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hsp82 gene shows strong heat inducibility at heat-shock temperatures (37-42 degrees C) and in heat shocked embryos and tassels but is only weakly expressed in the absence of heat shock”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
The hsp82 promoter induced GUS expression by 60- to 80-fold under heat treatment.
- Treatment
- heat-treated cellse0
- Gene
- hsp82e0
- Outcome
- expression of the GUS reporter genee0
- Direction
- strong heat-induciblee0
- Value
- 60- to 80-folde0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The hsp82 promoter confers strong heat-inducible expression of the GUS reporter gene in heat-treated cells (60- to 80-fold over control levels)”
e1“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
The hsp81 promoter induced GUS expression by 5- to 10-fold under heat treatment.
- Treatment
- heate0
- Gene
- hsp81e0
- Outcome
- heat induciblee0
- Direction
- weaklye0
- Value
- 5- to 10-folde0
- Comparator
- control levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hsp81 promoter is only weakly heat inducible (5- to 10-fold over control levels)”
e1“Zea mays”
The same questions in other papers
heat · molecular: expression · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
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See all 20 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.