Abstract
Abstract A 6‐yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of liquid and solid dairy ( Bos taurus ) manure applications on a Crosby silt loam (Aerie Ochraqualfs) soil cropped to corn ( Zea mays L.). Liquid manure at rates of 112, 224, and 336 Mg ha −1 and solid manure at rates of 34, 67, and 101 Mg ha −1 were spread annually for 5 yr. No manure was applied the 6th yr, but the soil was cropped to determine residual nutrient effects. Check and inorganic fertilizer treatments were also included in the study. Manure addition increased corn yields when compared to the check (no fertilizer). There were variable weather conditions and nutrient concentrations of the manure sources, and the manure application rates were relatively high. Corn yields were as great or greater from plots supplied with manure and manure slurries as those supplied with commercial fertilizer. Over the 5 yr of manure application, the 224 Mg ha −1 rate of liquid manure and the 67 Mg ha − rate of solid manure results in maximum corn yields that were 1% higher than commercial fertilizer. Accumulations of nutrients in the soil from high liquid manure application rates (224 and 336 Mg ha −1 ) increased corn yields during the residual cropping year. Corn leaf N and P concentrations tended to reflect N and P rates applied with the manures and the fertilizer treatment compared to the check, but not consistently each year. Source of manure had little affect on corn leaf composition. Soil P, K, and Na increased with each additional year of manure application and tended to increase with higher application rates. Extractable P accumulated in the upper profile of soil, whereas exchangeable K and Na increased at lower depths in the soil profile, especially with the highest manure application rates. Based on this study, both solid and liquid dairy manures are valuable sources of nutrients for corn production; however, they are less efficient than commercial fertilizers when comparing equivalent nutrient levels and when they are applied to the soil surface. Excessive application of either manure source causes potential for considerable groundwater pollution.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Manure addition increased corn yield versus no fertilizer.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- Manure additione0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the check (no fertilizer)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Manure addition increased corn yields when compared to the check (no fertilizer).”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure supplied plots yielded as much or more than commercial fertilizer plots.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- manure and manure slurriese0
- Outcome
- Corn yieldse0
- Direction
- as great or greatere0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn yields were as great or greater from plots supplied with manure and manure slurries as those supplied with commercial fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid manure at 224 Mg ha −1 produced maximum yield 1% above commercial fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 224 Mg ha −1 rate of liquid manuree0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 224 Mg ha −1 rate of liquid manure and the 67 Mg ha − rate of solid manure results in maximum corn yields that were 1% higher than commercial fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Solid manure at 67 Mg ha − produced maximum yield 1% above commercial fertilizer.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- 67 Mg ha − rate of solid manuree0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 1%e0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the 224 Mg ha −1 rate of liquid manure and the 67 Mg ha − rate of solid manure results in maximum corn yields that were 1% higher than commercial fertilizer.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nutrient accumulation after high liquid manure rates increased residual year corn yield.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high liquid manure application rates (224 and 336 Mg ha −1 )e0
- Outcome
- corn yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- residual cropping yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Accumulations of nutrients in the soil from high liquid manure application rates (224 and 336 Mg ha −1 ) increased corn yields during the residual cropping year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn leaf N concentration tended to reflect manure and fertilizer N rates, inconsistently across years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- N and P rates applied with the manures and the fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- Corn leaf Ne0
- Qualifier
- not consistently each yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn leaf N and P concentrations tended to reflect N and P rates applied with the manures and the fertilizer treatment compared to the check, but not consistently each year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn leaf P concentration tended to reflect manure and fertilizer P rates, inconsistently across years.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- N and P rates applied with the manures and the fertilizer treatmente0
- Outcome
- P concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- not consistently each yeare0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Corn leaf N and P concentrations tended to reflect N and P rates applied with the manures and the fertilizer treatment compared to the check, but not consistently each year.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure source had little effect on corn leaf composition.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Source of manuree0
- Outcome
- corn leaf compositione0
- Direction
- little affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Source of manure had little affect on corn leaf composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P increased with successive manure application years and higher rates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil P, K, and Na increased with each additional year of manure application and tended to increase with higher application rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K increased with successive manure application years and higher rates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil P, K, and Na increased with each additional year of manure application and tended to increase with higher application rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Na increased with successive manure application years and higher rates.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Soil P, K, and Na increased with each additional year of manure application and tended to increase with higher application rates.”
Claim · model-written summary
Extractable P accumulated in the upper soil profile.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Extractable P accumulated in the upper profile of soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable K increased at lower soil depths, especially at highest manure rates.
- Outcome
- exchangeable Ke0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- highest manure application ratese0
- Setting
- lower depths in the soil profilee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“exchangeable K and Na increased at lower depths in the soil profile, especially with the highest manure application rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable Na increased at lower soil depths, especially at highest manure rates.
- Outcome
- Nae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- highest manure application ratese0
- Setting
- lower depths in the soil profilee0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“exchangeable K and Na increased at lower depths in the soil profile, especially with the highest manure application rates”
Claim · model-written summary
Both manure sources were judged valuable for corn nutrient supply.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- solid and liquid dairy manures are valuable sources of nutrients for corn productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“both solid and liquid dairy manures are valuable sources of nutrients for corn production”
Claim · model-written summary
Manures were less nutrient efficient than commercial fertilizer when surface applied.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- less efficiente0
- Direction
- less efficiente0
- Qualifier
- when comparing equivalent nutrient levels and when they are applied to the soil surfacee0
- Comparator
- commercial fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they are less efficient than commercial fertilizers when comparing equivalent nutrient levels and when they are applied to the soil surface.”
t0“Corn Yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Excessive manure application presents potential groundwater pollution.
- Treatment
- Excessive application of either manure sourcee0
- Outcome
- potential for considerable groundwater pollutione0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Excessive application of either manure source causes potential for considerable groundwater pollution.”
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