Abstract
SUMMARY In fifteen experiments on light land infested with plant‐parasitic nematodes, fumigating the soil during the previous winter with D‐D increased the average yield of sugar‐beet roots from 25 to 36 t/ha; this was more than that obtained with various forms of nitrogenous fertilizers used in amounts up to 250 kg N/ha. Application of 85 kg N/ha increased yields on fumigated plots by 7 t/ha, and there was little benefit from giving more. Fumigation killed 65 % of the Pratylenchus spp., 80% of the Trichodorus spp. and 90% of the Tylenchorhynchus spp. in the top 5 cm of the soil and, at 15–20 cm deep, 90, 93 and 95% of these three genera. The increased yield from fumigant at different sites was not correlated with the initial populations of nematodes. The average increase in yield from fumigation was only poorly correlated with rainfall during May. The increases in nematode populations between April and August depended on rainfall, and were 0positively correlated both with the accumulated rainfall for the 10 weeks before sampling the soil in August and with the rainfall during the week previous to sampling. Fumigation not only improved the health of roots, and so enabled them to use nitrogen more efficiently, but also increased the amount of available nitrogen in the soil and decreased the amount lost by leaching. Injected anhydrous ammonia did not affect the populations of nematodes.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
D-D fumigation raised sugar beet root yield from 25 to 36 t/ha.
- Taxon
- sugar‐beet
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgarise0 - Treatment
- fumigating the soil during the previous winter with D‐De0
- Outcome
- yield of sugar‐beet rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 25 to 36 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fumigating the soil during the previous winter with D‐D increased the average yield of sugar‐beet roots from 25 to 36 t/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 85 kg N/ha increased yield on fumigated plots by 7 t/ha.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Application of 85 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- yields on fumigated plotse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 85 kg N/ha increased yields on fumigated plots by 7 t/ha”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional nitrogen beyond 85 kg N/ha gave little yield benefit.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- giving moree0
- Outcome
- little benefite0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was little benefit from giving more”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation killed 65 % of Pratylenchus in the top 5 cm.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Fumigatione0
- Interactor
- Pratylenchus spp.
Pratylenchuse0pathogen - Outcome
- Pratylenchus spp.e0
- Direction
- killede0
- Value
- 65 %e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation killed 65 % of the Pratylenchus spp.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation killed 80% of Trichodorus in the top 5 cm.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Trichodorus spp.
Trichodoruse0pathogen - Outcome
- Trichodorus spp.e0
- Value
- 80%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“80% of the Trichodorus spp.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation killed 90% of Tylenchorhynchus in the top 5 cm.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Interactor
- Tylenchorhynchus spp.Tylenchorhynchuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- Tylenchorhynchus spp.e0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“90% of the Tylenchorhynchus spp.”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation killed 90% of Pratylenchus at 15–20 cm depth.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- these three generae0
- Value
- 90e0
- Qualifier
- 15–20 cm deepe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 15–20 cm deep, 90, 93 and 95% of these three genera”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation killed 93% of Trichodorus at 15–20 cm depth.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- these three generae0
- Value
- 93e0
- Qualifier
- 15–20 cm deepe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 15–20 cm deep, 90, 93 and 95% of these three genera”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation killed 95% of Tylenchorhynchus at 15–20 cm depth.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- these three generae0
- Value
- 95%e0
- Qualifier
- 15–20 cm deepe0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“at 15–20 cm deep, 90, 93 and 95% of these three genera”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield gains from fumigation did not correlate with initial nematode populations.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- increased yield from fumigante0
- Direction
- not correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased yield from fumigant at different sites was not correlated with the initial populations of nematodes”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield gains from fumigation correlated poorly with May rainfall.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- increase in yield from fumigatione0
- Setting
- Maye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average increase in yield from fumigation was only poorly correlated with rainfall during May”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode population increases from April to August correlated positively with preceding ten week rainfall.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- increases in nematode populationse0
- Direction
- 0positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases in nematode populations between April and August depended on rainfall, and were 0positively correlated both with the accumulated rainfall for the 10 weeks before sampling the soil in August”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematode population increases correlated positively with rainfall in the previous week.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- rainfalle0
- Setting
- week previous to samplinge0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with the rainfall during the week previous to sampling”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation improved root health and nitrogen use efficiency.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Fumigatione0
- Outcome
- health of rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumigation not only improved the health of roots, and so enabled them to use nitrogen more efficiently”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation increased soil available nitrogen.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- amount of available nitrogen in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the amount of available nitrogen in the soil”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation decreased nitrogen loss by leaching.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Outcome
- amount lost by leachinge0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the amount lost by leaching”
t0“sugar beet”
Claim · model-written summary
Injected anhydrous ammonia did not affect nematode populations.
- Taxon
- sugar beetBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgarist0
- Treatment
- Injected anhydrous ammoniae0
- Outcome
- populations of nematodese0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Injected anhydrous ammonia did not affect the populations of nematodes”
t0“sugar beet”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Positive and negative results
141 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
157 papers more in this group
See all 161 papers →solarization · yield · Beta vulgaris (beet)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.