Abstract
Incorporation of plant defense activators is an innovative approach to development of an integrated strategy for the management of turfgrass diseases. The effects of salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole (BTH, chemical analog of SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethephon (ET, an ethylene-releasing compound) on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated. Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased when plants were treated prior to inoculation with SA, BTH, and partially by ET but not by JA. Accumulation of endogenous SA and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR)-1, PR-3.1, and PR-5 genes were associated with inoculation of plants by M. oryzae. Treatment of plants with SA enhanced expression levels of PR-3.1 and PR-5 but did not affect the PR-1 level, whereas BTH treatment enhanced relative expression levels of all three PR genes. Microscopic observations of leaves inoculated with M. oryzae revealed higher frequencies of callose deposition at the penetration sites in SA- and BTH-treated plants compared with the control plants (treated with water). These results suggest that early and higher induction of these genes by systemic resistance inducers may provide perennial ryegrass with a substantial advantage to defend against infection by M. oryzae.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment before inoculation significantly decreased gray leaf spot incidence and severity in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- SAe1
- Outcome
- Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased when plants were treated prior to inoculation with SA, BTH, and partially by ET but not by JA”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzothiadiazole treatment before inoculation significantly decreased gray leaf spot incidence and severity in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- BTHe1
- Outcome
- Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased when plants were treated prior to inoculation with SA, BTH, and partially by ET but not by JA”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon treatment before inoculation partially decreased gray leaf spot incidence and severity in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- ETe1
- Outcome
- Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severitye1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- partiallye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased when plants were treated prior to inoculation with SA, BTH, and partially by ET but not by JA”
Claim · model-written summary
Jasmonic acid treatment before inoculation did not decrease gray leaf spot incidence and severity in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- JAe1
- Outcome
- Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severitye1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Gray leaf spot disease incidence and severity were significantly decreased when plants were treated prior to inoculation with SA, BTH, and partially by ET but not by JA”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with M. oryzae was associated with elevated expression of PR-1, PR-3.1 and PR-5 genes in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- inoculation of plants by M. oryzaee1
- Interactor
- M. oryzae
Pyricularia oryzaee1pathogen - Gene
- pathogenesis-related (PR)-1, PR-3.1, and PR-5 genese1
- Outcome
- expression of pathogenesis-related (PR)-1, PR-3.1, and PR-5 genese1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Accumulation of endogenous SA and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR)-1, PR-3.1, and PR-5 genes were associated with inoculation of plants by M. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with M. oryzae was associated with increased accumulation of endogenous SA in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- inoculation of plants by M. oryzaee1
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- Accumulation of endogenous SAe1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Accumulation of endogenous SA and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (PR)-1, PR-3.1, and PR-5 genes were associated with inoculation of plants by M. oryzae”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment enhanced expression of PR-3.1 and PR-5 in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Gene
- PR-3.1 and PR-5e1
- Outcome
- expression levels of PR-3.1 and PR-5e1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Treatment of plants with SA enhanced expression levels of PR-3.1 and PR-5 but did not affect the PR-1 level, whereas BTH treatment enhanced relative expression levels of all three PR genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment did not affect the PR-1 expression level in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Gene
- PR-1e1
- Outcome
- PR-1 levele1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Treatment of plants with SA enhanced expression levels of PR-3.1 and PR-5 but did not affect the PR-1 level, whereas BTH treatment enhanced relative expression levels of all three PR genes”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH treatment enhanced relative expression of all three PR genes in perennial ryegrass.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- BTHe1
- Outcome
- relative expression levels of all three PR genese1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“BTH treatment enhanced relative expression levels of all three PR genes”
Claim · model-written summary
SA treatment led to higher frequencies of callose deposition at the penetration sites than in water-treated control plants after M. oryzae inoculation.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- SAe1
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- callose deposition at the penetration sitese1
- Direction
- higher frequenciese1
- Comparator
- control plants (treated with water)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Microscopic observations of leaves inoculated with M. oryzae revealed higher frequencies of callose deposition at the penetration sites in SA- and BTH-treated plants compared with the control plants (treated with water)”
Claim · model-written summary
BTH treatment led to higher frequencies of callose deposition at the penetration sites than in water-treated control plants after M. oryzae inoculation.
- Taxon
- Lolium perenne L.Lolium perennee0
- Treatment
- BTHe1
- Interactor
- M. oryzaePyricularia oryzaee1pathogen
- Outcome
- callose deposition at the penetration sitese1
- Direction
- higher frequenciese1
- Comparator
- control plants (treated with water)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on development of gray leaf spot in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) caused by Magnaporthe oryzae were evaluated”
e1“Microscopic observations of leaves inoculated with M. oryzae revealed higher frequencies of callose deposition at the penetration sites in SA- and BTH-treated plants compared with the control plants (treated with water)”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · disease · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.