Abstract
Abstract Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L. causing serious damage to foliage, flowers and seeds. Field studies during 1985–86 have shown that the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) applied at the rate of 250 LE (1·5 x 1012 POB/ha) four times gave effective control of the pest and was comparable with the control achieved by endosulfan at 350 g a.i./ha by high volume application (500 litres spray fluid/ha). ULV application of NPV in 20% crude sugar (12·5 litres spray fluid/ha) was as effective as high volume application at the same dose of 250 LE/ha. Application of NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volume gave the best results recording 1·58 larvae/20 plants, 4·2% leaf damage, 6·9% pod damage and 1159 kg grains/ha as against 3·75 larvae/20 plants, 4·9% leaf damage, 12·5% pod damage and 925 kg/ha of grain in NPV high volume treatment. The untreated check recorded 20·75 larvae/ 20 plants, 18·0% leaf damage, 26·4% pod damage and 590 kg grain/ha. The different adjuvants tested in the high volume application of NPV viz. crude sugar 0·5%, peanut oil cake 1%, chickpea flour 1 % or a combination of these did not improve the efficacy of the virus in the two field experiments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
NPV applied at 250 LE gave control of the pest comparable to endosulfan at 350 g a.i./ha in high volume application in field studies on chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpea
Cicer arietinume0 - Treatment
- nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) applied at the rate of 250 LEe1
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae0pest - Second interactor
- nuclear polyhedrosis virusunidentified nuclear polyhedrosis virusese1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- control of the peste2
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
- Comparator
- endosulfan at 350 g a.i./hae2
- Setting
- Field studies during 1985–86e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e1“Field studies during 1985–86 have shown that the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) applied at the rate of 250 LE”
e2“gave effective control of the pest and was comparable with the control achieved by endosulfan at 350 g a.i./ha by high volume application”
Claim · model-written summary
ULV application of NPV in 20% crude sugar was as effective as high volume application at the same dose of 250 LE/ha against the pest on chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- ULV application of NPV in 20% crude sugare3
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- NPVe3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- as effectivee4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- high volume application at the same dose of 250 LE/hae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e3“ULV application of NPV in 20% crude sugar”
e4“was as effective as high volume application at the same dose of 250 LE/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
NPV 250 LE plus endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha in high volume application gave the fewest larvae on chickpea, 1.58 per 20 plants, against 3.75 with NPV high volume treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volumee5
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- NPVe5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- larvae/20 plantse5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- 1·58 larvae/20 plantse5
- Comparator
- NPV high volume treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e5“Application of NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volume gave the best results recording 1·58 larvae/20 plants, 4·2% leaf damage, 6·9% pod damage and 1159 kg grains/ha”
e6“as against 3·75 larvae/20 plants, 4·9% leaf damage, 12·5% pod damage and 925 kg/ha of grain in NPV high volume treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NPV 250 LE plus endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha in high volume application gave lower leaf damage on chickpea, 4.2%, against 4.9% with NPV high volume treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volumee5
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- NPVe5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- leaf damagee5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- 4·2%e5
- Comparator
- NPV high volume treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e5“Application of NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volume gave the best results recording 1·58 larvae/20 plants, 4·2% leaf damage, 6·9% pod damage and 1159 kg grains/ha”
e6“as against 3·75 larvae/20 plants, 4·9% leaf damage, 12·5% pod damage and 925 kg/ha of grain in NPV high volume treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NPV 250 LE plus endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha in high volume application gave lower pod damage on chickpea, 6.9%, against 12.5% with NPV high volume treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volumee5
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- NPVe5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- pod damagee5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- 6·9%e5
- Comparator
- NPV high volume treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e5“Application of NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volume gave the best results recording 1·58 larvae/20 plants, 4·2% leaf damage, 6·9% pod damage and 1159 kg grains/ha”
e6“as against 3·75 larvae/20 plants, 4·9% leaf damage, 12·5% pod damage and 925 kg/ha of grain in NPV high volume treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
NPV 250 LE plus endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha in high volume application gave higher grain yield on chickpea, 1159 kg/ha, against 925 kg/ha with NPV high volume treatment.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volumee5
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- NPVe5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- grainse5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- 1159 kg grains/hae5
- Comparator
- NPV high volume treatmente6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e5“Application of NPV 250 LE + endosulfan 175 g a.i./ha high volume gave the best results recording 1·58 larvae/20 plants, 4·2% leaf damage, 6·9% pod damage and 1159 kg grains/ha”
e6“as against 3·75 larvae/20 plants, 4·9% leaf damage, 12·5% pod damage and 925 kg/ha of grain in NPV high volume treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude sugar, peanut oil cake and chickpea flour adjuvants did not improve the efficacy of NPV in high volume application against the pest on chickpea.
- Taxon
- chickpeaCicer arietinume0
- Treatment
- adjuvantse7
- Interactor
- Heliothis armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae0pest
- Second interactor
- NPVe7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- efficacy of the viruse7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Comparator
- high volume application of NPVe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Heliothis armigera Hbn. is a major pest on chickpea Cicer arietinum L.”
e7“The different adjuvants tested in the high volume application of NPV viz. crude sugar 0·5%, peanut oil cake 1%, chickpea flour 1 % or a combination of these did not improve the efficacy of the virus in the two field experiments”
The same questions in other papers
adjuvant · Helicoverpa armigera · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
endosulfan · Helicoverpa armigera · Cicer arietinum (chickpea)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.