Abstract
Etiolated pea seedlings ( Pisum sativum L. cv. Weibull's Marma) were used to investigate the effects of exogenous cytokinins on root growth. Benzylaminopurine (BAP) added to the growth solution inhibited the elongation and formation of lateral roots and stimulated swelling of the root tips. Similar effects were obtained with zeatin. The effects were obtained over a wide concentration range down to 0.01 μ M . Growth responses appeared only after treatment for several hours, and the duration of treatment had an important influence on the degree of the effects. BAP caused a moderate increase in ethylene production as measured in excised 10‐mm‐long root tips. Lowering ethylene production by treatment with cobalt ions counteracted both the inhibition and swelling caused by BAP. Treatment with silver ions also reversed the effect to some extent, indicating that ethylene is involved in the response of the roots to BAP. To further study the involvement of the increased ethylene production in the elongation and swelling response, the effects were compared with those obtained after application of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC) in relation to the ethylene produced from this compound. This comparison showed that the increase in ethylene production caused by BAP was too low to explain the response of the roots. However, ACC treatment caused a considerable lowering of the content of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in the root tips, whereas BAP did not; instead, BAP increased the amount of IAA per root tip. It is concluded that cytokinins influence growth processes in roots via several mechanisms. A synergistic interaction between endogenous IAA, maintained at a high level by the cytokinin treatment, and the increased ethylene levels appears to explain most of the cytokinin effects during the first day of treatment.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
BAP inhibited lateral root elongation and formation.
- Taxon
- pea seedlings
Lathyrus oleraceuse1 - Organ / stage
- lateral rootse0
- Treatment
- Benzylaminopurine (BAP)e0
- Outcome
- elongation and formation of lateral rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzylaminopurine (BAP) added to the growth solution inhibited the elongation and formation of lateral roots”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP stimulated swelling of root tips.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- Benzylaminopurine (BAP)e0
- Outcome
- swelling of the root tipse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzylaminopurine (BAP) added to the growth solution inhibited the elongation and formation of lateral roots and stimulated swelling of the root tips”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Zeatin produced similar root growth effects.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- zeatine0
- Outcome
- Similar effectse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Similar effects were obtained with zeatin”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth effects occurred at concentrations down to 0.01 μ M.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- effectse0
- Value
- 0.01 μ Me0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects were obtained over a wide concentration range down to 0.01 μ M”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth responses appeared after several hours of treatment and depended on treatment duration.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Outcome
- Growth responsese0
- Qualifier
- only after treatment for several hourse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth responses appeared only after treatment for several hours, and the duration of treatment had an important influence on the degree of the effects”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP moderately increased ethylene production in root tips.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- ethylene productione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAP caused a moderate increase in ethylene production as measured in excised 10‐mm‐long root tips”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cobalt ions counteracted BAP-induced root inhibition and swelling.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- cobalt ionse0
- Outcome
- inhibition and swellinge0
- Direction
- counteractede0
- Comparator
- BAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lowering ethylene production by treatment with cobalt ions counteracted both the inhibition and swelling caused by BAP”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver ions partly reversed the BAP response.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- silver ionse0
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- reversede0
- Qualifier
- to some extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with silver ions also reversed the effect to some extent”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The BAP-induced ethylene increase was too low to explain the root response.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- response of the rootse0
- Qualifier
- too lowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the increase in ethylene production caused by BAP was too low to explain the response of the roots”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC lowered IAA content in root tips.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Organ / stage
- root tipse0
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente0
- Outcome
- content of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA)e0
- Direction
- loweringe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC treatment caused a considerable lowering of the content of indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) in the root tips”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
BAP increased the amount of IAA per root tip.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- BAPe0
- Outcome
- amount of IAA per root tipe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAP increased the amount of IAA per root tip”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors proposed synergy between maintained IAA and increased ethylene as the main explanation for early cytokinin effects.
- Taxon
- pea seedlingsLathyrus oleraceuse1
- Treatment
- cytokinin treatmente0
- Outcome
- cytokinin effectse0
- Qualifier
- A synergistic interaction between endogenous IAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A synergistic interaction between endogenous IAA, maintained at a high level by the cytokinin treatment, and the increased ethylene levels appears to explain most of the cytokinin effects during the first day of treatment”
e1“Etiolated pea seedlings”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.