Abstract
The effects of different cadmium concentrations [17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil) and 72 mg(Cd) kg- 1(soil)] on Cannabis sativa L. growth and photosynthesis were examined. Hemp roots showed a high tolerance to Cd, i.e. more than 800 mg(Cd) kg-1(d.m.) in roots had no major effect on hemp growth, whereas in leaves and stems concentrations of 50 - 100 mg(Cd) kg-1(d.m.) had a strong effect on plant viability and vitality. For control of heavy metal uptake and xylem loading in hemp roots, the soil pH plays a central role. Photosynthetic performance and regulation of light energy consumption were analysed using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Seasonal changes in photosynthetic performance were visible in control plants and plants growing on soil with 17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil). Energy distribution in photosystem 2 is regulated in low and high energy phases that allow optimal use of light and protect photosystem 2 from overexcitation, respectively. Photosynthesis and energy dissipation were negatively influenced by 72 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil). Cd had detrimental effects on chlorophyll synthesis, water splitting apparatus, reaction centre, antenna and energy distribution of PS 2. Under moderate cadmium concentrations, i.e. 17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil), hemp could preserve growth as well as the photosynthesis apparatus, and long-term acclimation to chronically Cd stress occurred.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Hemp root cadmium above 800 mg per kg did not substantially affect growth.
- Taxon
- hemp
Cannabis sativa subsp. sativae0 - Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- hemp growthe0
- Direction
- no major effecte0
- Value
- more than 800 mg(Cd) kg-1(d.m.)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hemp roots showed a high tolerance to Cd, i.e. more than 800 mg(Cd) kg-1(d.m.) in roots had no major effect on hemp growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and stem cadmium concentrations of 50–100 mg per kg strongly affected viability.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leaves and stemse0
- Outcome
- plant viability and vitalitye0
- Value
- 50 - 100 mg(Cd) kg-1(d.m.)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas in leaves and stems concentrations of 50 - 100 mg(Cd) kg-1(d.m.) had a strong effect on plant viability and vitality”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil pH plays a central role in root heavy-metal uptake and xylem loading.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- heavy metal uptake and xylem loadinge0
- Qualifier
- soil pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For control of heavy metal uptake and xylem loading in hemp roots, the soil pH plays a central role”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthetic performance changed seasonally in controls and at 17 mg cadmium per kg soil.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- 17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil)e0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic performancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seasonal changes in photosynthetic performance were visible in control plants and plants growing on soil with 17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil)”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosystem 2 energy distribution was regulated across low and high energy phases.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Outcome
- Energy distribution in photosystem 2e0
- Qualifier
- low and high energy phasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Energy distribution in photosystem 2 is regulated in low and high energy phases that allow optimal use of light and protect photosystem 2 from overexcitation, respectively”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium at 72 mg per kg soil impaired photosynthesis and energy dissipation.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- 72 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil)e0
- Outcome
- Photosynthesis and energy dissipatione0
- Direction
- negatively influencede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthesis and energy dissipation were negatively influenced by 72 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil)”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium harmed chlorophyll synthesis, water splitting and PS2 components.
- Taxon
- Cannabis sativa L.Cannabis sativat0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll synthesis, water splitting apparatus, reaction centree0
- Direction
- detrimental effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd had detrimental effects on chlorophyll synthesis, water splitting apparatus, reaction centre, antenna and energy distribution of PS 2”
t0“Cannabis sativa L.”
Claim · model-written summary
At moderate cadmium levels, hemp preserved growth and photosynthetic apparatus and acclimated.
- Taxon
- hempCannabis sativa subsp. sativae0
- Treatment
- 17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil)e0
- Outcome
- preserve growth as well as the photosynthesis apparatuse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under moderate cadmium concentrations, i.e. 17 mg(Cd) kg-1(soil), hemp could preserve growth as well as the photosynthesis apparatus, and long-term acclimation to chronically Cd stress occurred”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Cannabis sativaResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
cadmium atom · physiology: pigments · Cannabis sativaResults agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.