Abstract
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is an important disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). This study examined defense-related gene expression involved in the resistance to B. cinerea that is induced in tomato plants by benzothiadiazole and Trichoderma harzianum T39 soil drench. In whole plants, transcriptional changes related to salicylic acid and ethylene were induced by the application of a 0.01% benzothiadiazole solution, whereas changes related to jasmonic acid were induced by the application of a 0.4% T39 suspension. On detached leaves, soil treatment by T39 led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection that was proportional to the concentration of the T39 suspension. By 5 days after pathogen inoculation, the plants that had received the 0.04% T39 drench exhibited 62% less severe disease than the untreated plants. The 0.4% T39 drench led to an 84% reduction in disease severity. Observations of B. cinerea infection in leaves harvested from plants grown in the treated soils revealed that drenching with a T39 suspension induces systemic resistance against B. cinerea and primes salicylic acid- and ethylene-related gene expression in a manner proportional to the concentration of the biocontrol agent. Benzothiadiazole treatment induced resistance to gray mold independently of salicylic acid and led to strong priming of two genes known to be involved in defense against B. cinerea, Pti5 and PI2.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Benzothiadiazole induced salicylic acid and ethylene related transcriptional changes.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- 0.01% benzothiadiazole solutione0
- Outcome
- transcriptional changes related to salicylic acid and ethylenee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transcriptional changes related to salicylic acid and ethylene were induced by the application of a 0.01% benzothiadiazole solution”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T39 induced jasmonic acid related transcriptional changes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.4% T39 suspensione0
- Interactor
- T39e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- changes related to jasmonic acide0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“changes related to jasmonic acid were induced by the application of a 0.4% T39 suspension”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T39 soil treatment enhanced detached-leaf resistance to B. cinerea in proportion to suspension concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- soil treatment by T39e0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Second interactor
- T39e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- resistance to B. cinerea infectione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil treatment by T39 led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection that was proportional to the concentration of the T39 suspension”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.04% T39 drench reduced disease severity by 62% versus untreated plants after five days.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.04% T39 drenche0
- Interactor
- T39e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- diseasee0
- Direction
- less severee0
- Value
- 62%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By 5 days after pathogen inoculation, the plants that had received the 0.04% T39 drench exhibited 62% less severe disease than the untreated plants.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
A 0.4% T39 drench reduced disease severity by 84%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.4% T39 drenche0
- Interactor
- T39e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 84%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 0.4% T39 drench led to an 84% reduction in disease severity.”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
T39 drenching primed salicylic acid and ethylene related expression in proportion to its concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- drenching with a T39 suspensione0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T39e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- salicylic acid- and ethylene-related gene expressione0
- Direction
- primese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“drenching with a T39 suspension induces systemic resistance against B. cinerea and primes salicylic acid- and ethylene-related gene expression in a manner proportional to the concentration of the biocontrol agent”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzothiadiazole induced resistance to gray mold independently of salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Benzothiadiazole treatmente0
- Outcome
- resistance to gray molde0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- independently of salicylic acide0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Benzothiadiazole treatment induced resistance to gray mold independently of salicylic acid”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzothiadiazole strongly primed Pti5 and PI2.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Gene
- Pti5 and PI2e0
- Outcome
- strong priminge0
- Direction
- strong priminge0
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“led to strong priming of two genes known to be involved in defense against B. cinerea, Pti5 and PI2.”
t0“Tomato”
The same questions in other papers
benzothiadiazole · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
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- no effect
- positive
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application · Botrytis cinerea · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →application · disease · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
133 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
146 papers more in this group
See all 150 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.