Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major seed storage lipid and is important for biofuel and other renewable chemical uses. Acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TAG biosynthesis pathway, but the mechanism of its regulation is unknown. Here, we show that TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings increased significantly during nitrogen deprivation (0.1 mm nitrogen) with concomitant induction of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and accumulation, such as DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1. Nitrogen-deficient seedlings were used to determine the key factors contributing to ectopic TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. Under low-nitrogen conditions, the phytohormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in promoting TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4), an important transcriptional factor in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, bound directly to the CE1-like elements (CACCG) present in DGAT1 promoters. Genetic studies also revealed that TAG accumulation and DGAT1 expression were reduced in the abi4 mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that abscisic acid signaling is part of the regulatory machinery governing TAG ectopic accumulation and that ABI4 is essential for the activation of DGAT1 in Arabidopsis seedlings during nitrogen deficiency.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
TAG accumulation increased significantly in Arabidopsis seedlings under nitrogen deprivation.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Treatment
- nitrogen deprivation (0.1 mm nitrogen)e0
- Outcome
- TAG accumulatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings increased significantly during nitrogen deprivation (0.1 mm nitrogen)”
Claim · model-written summary
TAG biosynthesis and accumulation genes, including DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1, were induced during nitrogen deprivation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1e0
- Outcome
- induction of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and accumulatione0
- Direction
- inductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with concomitant induction of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and accumulation, such as DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1”
e1“Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Abscisic acid promoted TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings under low nitrogen.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Compound
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- TAG accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- Under low-nitrogen conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under low-nitrogen conditions, the phytohormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in promoting TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
ABI4 bound directly to CE1-like elements in DGAT1 promoters.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Gene
- ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4)e0
- Outcome
- bound directly to the CE1-like elements (CACCG) present in DGAT1 promoterse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4), an important transcriptional factor in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, bound directly to the CE1-like elements (CACCG) present in DGAT1 promoters”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
TAG accumulation was reduced in the abi4 mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- abi4 mutante0
- Outcome
- TAG accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TAG accumulation and DGAT1 expression were reduced in the abi4 mutant”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
DGAT1 expression was reduced in the abi4 mutant.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Material
- abi4 mutante0
- Gene
- DGAT1e0
- Outcome
- DGAT1 expressione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TAG accumulation and DGAT1 expression were reduced in the abi4 mutant”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that abscisic acid signaling governs ectopic TAG accumulation.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise1
- Compound
- abscisic acide0
- Outcome
- TAG ectopic accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“abscisic acid signaling is part of the regulatory machinery governing TAG ectopic accumulation”
e1“Arabidopsis seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that ABI4 is essential to activate DGAT1 under nitrogen deficiency.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Gene
- ABI4e0
- Outcome
- activation of DGAT1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ABI4 is essential for the activation of DGAT1 in Arabidopsis seedlings during nitrogen deficiency”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.