Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of hexaconazole (HEX), a triazole fungicide, on the growth, yield, photosynthetic response and antioxidant potential in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants subjected to UV-B stress. UV-B radiation and HEX were applied separately or in combination to cucumber seedlings. The growth parameters were significantly reduced under UV-B treatment, however, this growth inhibition was less in HEX treated plants. HEX caused noticeable changes in plant morphology such as reduced shoot length and leaf area, and increased leaf thickness. HEX was quite persistent in inhibiting shoot growth by causing a reduction in shoot fresh and dry weight. HEX noticeably recovered the UV-B induced inhibition of biomass production. Significant accumutation in anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments in the leaves occurred as a result of HEX or UV-B treatments. HEX permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction and higher quantum yield for photosystemII under UV-B exposure. HEX treatment induced a transient rise in ABA levels in the leaves, and combined application of HEX and UV-B showed a significant enhancement of ABA content which activates $H_2O_2$ generation. UV-B exposure induced accumulation of $H_2O_2$ in the leaves, while HEX prevented UV-B induced increase in $H_2O_2$, indicating that HEX serves as an antioxidant agent able to scavenge $H_2O$ to protect cells from oxidative damage. An increase in the ascorbic acid was observed in the HEX treated cucumber leaves affecting many enzyme activities by removing $H_2O_2$ during photosynthetic processes. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in the leaves in the presence of HEX under UV-B stress were higher than those under UV-B stress alone. These findings suggest that HEX may participate in the enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress. From these results it can be concluded that HEX moderately ameliolate the effect of UV-B stress in cucumber by improving the components of antioxidant defense system.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B significantly reduced cucumber growth parameters.
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Treatment
- UV-B treatmente0
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth parameters were significantly reduced under UV-B treatment”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole reduced UV-B growth inhibition in cucumber.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“however, this growth inhibition was less in HEX treated plants.”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole reduced cucumber shoot length and leaf area.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe0
- Outcome
- shoot length and leaf areae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HEX caused noticeable changes in plant morphology such as reduced shoot length and leaf area”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole increased cucumber leaf thickness.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe1
- Outcome
- leaf thicknesse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased leaf thickness.”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
e1“HEX caused noticeable changes in plant morphology”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole reduced cucumber shoot fresh and dry weight.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“HEX was quite persistent in inhibiting shoot growth by causing a reduction in shoot fresh and dry weight.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole recovered UV-B-inhibited biomass production.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe0
- Outcome
- biomass productione0
- Direction
- recoverede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HEX noticeably recovered the UV-B induced inhibition of biomass production.”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole or UV-B significantly accumulated anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEX or UV-B treatmentse0
- Outcome
- anthocyanin and flavonoid pigmentse0
- Direction
- accumutatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant accumutation in anthocyanin and flavonoid pigments in the leaves occurred as a result of HEX or UV-B treatments.”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole preserved more green leaf tissue under UV-B and prevented chlorophyll loss.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe0
- Outcome
- green leaf tissuee0
- Direction
- moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HEX permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue preventing chlorophyll content reduction”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole increased photosystem II quantum yield under UV-B.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe1
- Outcome
- quantum yield for photosystemIIe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher quantum yield for photosystemII under UV-B exposure.”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
e1“HEX permitted the survival of more green leaf tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole caused a transient rise in cucumber leaf ABA.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEX treatmente0
- Outcome
- ABA levelse0
- Direction
- risee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HEX treatment induced a transient rise in ABA levels in the leaves”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined hexaconazole and UV-B significantly increased cucumber leaf ABA.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- combined application of HEX and UV-Be0
- Outcome
- ABA contente0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“combined application of HEX and UV-B showed a significant enhancement of ABA content”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B caused hydrogen peroxide accumulation in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- UV-B exposuree0
- Outcome
- accumulation of $H_2O_2$e0
- Direction
- accumulatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“UV-B exposure induced accumulation of $H_2O_2$ in the leaves”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole prevented the UV-B-induced rise in hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEXe0
- Outcome
- $H_2O_2$e0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HEX prevented UV-B induced increase in $H_2O_2$”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hexaconazole increased ascorbic acid in cucumber leaves.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- HEXe0
- Outcome
- ascorbic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An increase in the ascorbic acid was observed in the HEX treated cucumber leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Under UV-B, hexaconazole raised activities of four antioxidant enzymes above UV-B alone.
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- HEX under UV-B stresse0
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- UV-B stress alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase(CAT), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) in the leaves in the presence of HEX under UV-B stress were higher than those under UV-B stress alone.”
t0“Cucumber Seedlings”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.