Abstract
ABSTRACT Cowpea seeds with a range of hard‐to‐cook (HTC) levels induced by storage at various temperatures/relative humidities/times were subjected to heat incubation in water and/or soaking in CaCl 2. For control seeds, the hardening effect of Ca soaking was greatly increased by incubation at 60‐85°C before soaking, but not after. For aged seeds, Ca soaking alone evoked a great increase in hardness whereas incubation slightly enhanced hardening. Trivalent cations induced HTC less effectively than divalent cations; univalent ions suppressed HTC. EDTA soaking completely reversed while EGTA partially reversed HTC state of aged seeds. HTC state in cowpeas apparently develops via two stages: an increase in cation‐uptake capacity within cotyledons induced by moderate heat or adverse storage, followed by divalent cation binding.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Incubation before Ca soaking greatly increased the hardening effect of Ca soaking in control cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- Cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Material
- control seedse1
- Treatment
- incubatione1
- Outcome
- hardening effect of Ca soakinge1
- Direction
- greatly increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e1“For control seeds, the hardening effect of Ca soaking was greatly increased by incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca soaking alone greatly increased hardness in aged cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- aged seedse2
- Treatment
- Ca soaking alonee2
- Outcome
- hardnesse2
- Direction
- great increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e2“For aged seeds, Ca soaking alone evoked a great increase in hardness whereas incubation slightly enhanced hardening”
Claim · model-written summary
Incubation slightly enhanced hardening in aged cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- aged seedse2
- Treatment
- incubatione2
- Outcome
- hardeninge2
- Direction
- slightly enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e2“For aged seeds, Ca soaking alone evoked a great increase in hardness whereas incubation slightly enhanced hardening”
Claim · model-written summary
Trivalent cations induced the hard-to-cook state less effectively than divalent cations in cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- Trivalent cationse3
- Outcome
- induced HTCe3
- Direction
- less effectivelye3
- Comparator
- divalent cationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e3“Trivalent cations induced HTC less effectively than divalent cations”
Claim · model-written summary
Univalent ions suppressed the hard-to-cook state in cowpea.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- univalent ionse4
- Outcome
- HTCe4
- Direction
- suppressede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e4“univalent ions suppressed HTC”
Claim · model-written summary
EDTA soaking completely reversed the hard-to-cook state of aged cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- aged seedse5
- Treatment
- EDTA soakinge5
- Outcome
- HTC statee5
- Direction
- completely reversede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e5“EDTA soaking completely reversed while EGTA partially reversed HTC state of aged seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
EGTA partially reversed the hard-to-cook state of aged cowpea seeds.
- Taxon
- CowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- aged seedse5
- Treatment
- EGTAe5
- Outcome
- HTC statee5
- Direction
- partially reversede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cowpea seeds”
e5“EDTA soaking completely reversed while EGTA partially reversed HTC state of aged seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The hard-to-cook state in cowpea apparently develops in two stages: increased cation uptake capacity in cotyledons, then divalent cation binding.
- Taxon
- cowpeasVigna unguiculatae6
- Organ / stage
- cotyledonse3
- Outcome
- HTC statee6
- Qualifier
- followed by divalent cation bindinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“HTC state in cowpeas apparently develops via two stages”
e7“followed by divalent cation binding”
e3“within cotyledons induced by moderate heat or adverse storage”
The same questions in other papers
application · quality: postharvest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.