Abstract
ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) need to be timed for accelerated N uptake by the plant if highest yields and highest N use efficiency are to be attained. Applying N before accelerated uptake may allow soil losses while applications after accelerated uptake may restrict plant N utilization both of which may restrict yields. Research was conducted between 1997 and 2000 on Collins silt loam (Aquic Udifluvents). Pioneer 2552 was planted in 1997, Pioneer 2580 was planted in 1998, and Pioneer 2684 was planted in 1999. The experimental design was a split plot with treatments replicated five times. Main plots were N application timing (Feekes' growth scale of 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10) with ammonium nitrate (AN) and urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) applied at 101 kg N ha−1 the sub-plots. Spring N application timing affected yields, test weights and disease severity. Yields over the three years were higher for broadcasting AN than UAN. Early N application at GS 5 lowered yields one of the three years while late N applications at GS 10 reduced yields two of three years. Take-all diseases may have reduced yields associated with delayed N timing one of the two years. Soil N losses from the early applications may have reduced yields. Reduced yields from late applications may be the result of applying N past the optimum N uptake period. Wheat test weights varied with N source but generally decreased with N application timing. Take-all severity increased with delayed N timing. However, the severity of glume blotch was not affected by timing of N applications.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Broadcast ammonium nitrate produced higher wheat yield than urea-ammonium nitrate across three years.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- broadcasting ANe0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- UANe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields over the three years were higher for broadcasting AN than UAN.”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Early nitrogen application at GS 5 lowered yields in one of three years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Early N application at GS 5e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowerede0
- Qualifier
- one of the three yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Early N application at GS 5 lowered yields one of the three years”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Late nitrogen application at GS 10 reduced yields in two of three years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- late N applications at GS 10e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- two of three yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“late N applications at GS 10 reduced yields two of three years”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat test weights varied with nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N sourcee0
- Outcome
- test weightse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat test weights varied with N source”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat test weights generally decreased with later nitrogen application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N application timinge0
- Outcome
- test weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat test weights varied with N source but generally decreased with N application timing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Take-all severity increased with delayed nitrogen timing in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- delayed N timinge0
- Outcome
- Take-all severitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Take-all severity increased with delayed N timing.”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Glume blotch severity was not affected by nitrogen application timing in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- timing of N applicationse0
- Outcome
- severity of glume blotche0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the severity of glume blotch was not affected by timing of N applications.”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Take-all disease may have reduced yields with delayed nitrogen timing in one year.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- delayed N timinge0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Qualifier
- may have reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Take-all diseases may have reduced yields associated with delayed N timing one of the two years.”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil nitrogen losses from early applications may have reduced wheat yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- early applicationse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Qualifier
- Soil N lossese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil N losses from the early applications may have reduced yields.”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying nitrogen beyond the optimum uptake period may explain reduced wheat yields from late applications.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- late applicationse0
- Outcome
- Reduced yieldse0
- Qualifier
- applying N past the optimum N uptake periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reduced yields from late applications may be the result of applying N past the optimum N uptake period.”
e1“applications to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)”
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