Abstract
Summary Under nitrogen limitation, Rhizobium meliloti Nod factors induce cell divisions in the inner cortex of alfalfa roots in a still unknown way. These cell division clusters subsequently develop into symbiotically nitrogen‐fixing nodules. To study the involvement of plant signals in nodule initiation transgenic alfalfa carrying the promoter of the early nodulin gene MsEnod12A fused to the reporter gene gusA were generated. In untreated plants, low level GUS staining was only found in lateral root primordia and in front of the root apices. After inoculation with R. meliloti or after treatment with purified Nod factors, GUS activity was first induced in the cell division foci of the inner cortex. The GUS staining patterns in nodules and roots were in agreement with the activation of the endogenous MsEnod12A gene as revealed by reverse transcription‐PCR analysis, rendering the MsEnod12A‐gusA fusion a valuable novel marker for studying the onset of nodule and lateral root developmental processes. Treatment of roots with purified Nod factors and cytokinins induced similar patterns of cortical cell division, GUS staining and amyloplast accumulation while upon application of auxin transport inhibitors and auxins these patterns were different. Like the Nod factor responses, the cytokinin responses required photosynthesis and limiting combined nitrogen supply. Thus, cytokinins and Nod factors may share elements of their signal transduction pathways to the inner root cortex. A model on the possible involvement of cytokinins in coordinating plant metabolism with nodule initiation is proposed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with R. meliloti induced GUS activity first in the cell division foci of the inner cortex of alfalfa roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativat0 - Treatment
- inoculation with R. melilotie1
- Interactor
- R. meliloti
Sinorhizobium melilotie1symbiont - Outcome
- GUS activitye1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Qualifier
- in the cell division foci of the inner cortexe1
- Comparator
- untreated plantse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e1“After inoculation with R. meliloti or after treatment with purified Nod factors, GUS activity was first induced in the cell division foci of the inner cortex”
e2“In untreated plants, low level GUS staining was only found in lateral root primordia and in front of the root apices”
Claim · model-written summary
Purified Rhizobium meliloti Nod factors induced GUS activity first in the cell division foci of the inner cortex of alfalfa roots.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- purified Nod factorse1
- Interactor
- Rhizobium melilotiSinorhizobium melilotie2symbiont
- Outcome
- GUS activitye1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Qualifier
- in the cell division foci of the inner cortexe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e1“After inoculation with R. meliloti or after treatment with purified Nod factors, GUS activity was first induced in the cell division foci of the inner cortex”
e2“Under nitrogen limitation, Rhizobium meliloti Nod factors induce cell divisions in the inner cortex of alfalfa roots”
Claim · model-written summary
In untreated alfalfa roots, low-level GUS staining occurred only in lateral root primordia and in front of the root apices.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- lateral root primordia and in front of the root apicese2
- Outcome
- low level GUS staininge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e2“In untreated plants, low level GUS staining was only found in lateral root primordia and in front of the root apices”
Claim · model-written summary
GUS staining patterns in alfalfa nodules and roots agreed with activation of the endogenous MsEnod12A gene.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- nodules and rootse3
- Gene
- MsEnod12Ae3
- Outcome
- GUS staining patternse3
- Qualifier
- in agreement with the activation of the endogenous MsEnod12A genee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e3“The GUS staining patterns in nodules and roots were in agreement with the activation of the endogenous MsEnod12A gene”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinins induced patterns of cortical cell division, GUS staining and amyloplast accumulation similar to those of purified Nod factors.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- cytokininse4
- Outcome
- cortical cell division, GUS staining and amyloplast accumulatione4
- Direction
- similare4
- Comparator
- purified Nod factorse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e4“Treatment of roots with purified Nod factors and cytokinins induced similar patterns of cortical cell division, GUS staining and amyloplast accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin transport inhibitors and auxins gave patterns of cortical cell division and GUS staining different from those of Nod factors and cytokinins.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Treatment
- auxin transport inhibitors and auxinse5
- Outcome
- these patternse5
- Direction
- differente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e5“while upon application of auxin transport inhibitors and auxins these patterns were different”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinin responses in alfalfa roots required photosynthesis and limiting combined nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Outcome
- cytokinin responsese6
- Qualifier
- required photosynthesis and limiting combined nitrogen supplye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e6“the cytokinin responses required photosynthesis and limiting combined nitrogen supply”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytokinins and Nod factors may share elements of their signal transduction pathways to the inner root cortex.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativat0
- Organ / stage
- inner root cortexe7
- Outcome
- share elements of their signal transduction pathwayse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nod factors and cytokinins induce similar cortical cell division, amyloplast deposition and MsEnod12A expression patterns in alfalfa roots”
e7“Thus, cytokinins and Nod factors may share elements of their signal transduction pathways to the inner root cortex”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.